{"title":"Subject: Accountability<\/span>","orderby":false,"found_posts":129,"paged":1,"max_num_pages":2,"posts":[{"id":22755,"ID":22755,"post_type":"article","link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/articles\/why-syrias-civil-society-is-the-key\/","excerpt":"

After the collapse of the Assad regime, Syria stands at a crossroads. Nothing is assured, but the country\u2019s civil society is its best hope for charting a democratic future.<\/p>\n","title":"Why Syria\u2019s Civil Society Is the Key","newsdate":false,"supplements":[],"attachments":[],"uploads":[],"issue_gratis":false,"gratis_flag":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/themes\/jod\/assets\/img\/free.svg","issue":{"id":2607,"name":"April 2025","slug":"april-2025","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":15,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/april-2025\/","volume":"36","issue":"2"},"class":"post-22755 article type-article status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry authors-rana-b-khoury authors-wendy-pearlman country-syria issue-april-2025 region-middle-east-and-north-africa subject-accountability subject-civil-liberties subject-postconflict-societies","terms":{"authors":[{"id":2613,"name":"Rana B. 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Citizens across the globe still value democracy, but they have become dissatisfied with the way it is working. A new era of representation is in order \u2014 one featuring more diverse leaders, responsive politicians, and empowered publics.<\/p>\n","title":"Why the World Is Down on Democracy","newsdate":false,"supplements":[],"attachments":[],"uploads":[],"issue_gratis":false,"gratis_flag":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/themes\/jod\/assets\/img\/free.svg","issue":{"id":2581,"name":"January 2025","slug":"january-2025","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":17,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/january-2025\/","volume":"36","issue":"1"},"class":"post-22182 article type-article status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry authors-richard-wike issue-january-2025 region-advanced-democracies subject-accountability subject-institutions subject-legitimacy subject-political-culture subject-public-opinion","terms":{"authors":[{"id":1211,"name":"Richard 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Covid-19 swept across Latin America with devastating effects. But it had unexpected positive consequences too, as citizens ousted inept politicians and pushed back against the inequities laid bare by the pandemic.<\/p>\n","title":"How Covid Changed Latin America","newsdate":false,"supplements":[],"attachments":[],"uploads":[],"issue_gratis":false,"gratis_flag":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/themes\/jod\/assets\/img\/free.svg","issue":{"id":2581,"name":"January 2025","slug":"january-2025","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":17,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/january-2025\/","volume":"36","issue":"1"},"class":"post-22184 article type-article status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry authors-diana-senior-angulo authors-gustavo-flores-macias authors-michael-albertus authors-oliver-kaplan country-brazil country-colombia country-costa-rica country-el-salvador country-mexico country-peru issue-january-2025 region-latin-america-and-the-caribbean subject-accountability subject-covid-19 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This Arab state is different. It is far more liberal than any other Gulf kingdom, and it may even have a path, with much trial and effort, to becoming the region\u2019s first democratic constitutional monarchy.<\/p>\n","title":"Kuwait\u2019s Democratic Promise","newsdate":false,"supplements":[],"attachments":[],"uploads":[],"issue_gratis":false,"gratis_flag":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/themes\/jod\/assets\/img\/free.svg","issue":{"id":2362,"name":"July 2023","slug":"july-2023","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":16,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/july-2023\/","volume":"34","issue":"3"},"class":"post-13689 article type-article status-publish hentry authors-sean-l-yom country-kuwait issue-july-2023 region-middle-east-and-north-africa subject-accountability subject-civil-liberties subject-monarchy","terms":{"authors":[{"id":479,"name":"Sean L. Yom","slug":"sean-l-yom","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":6,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/sean-l-yom\/"}],"country":[{"id":1419,"name":"Kuwait","slug":"kuwait","taxonomy":"country","parent":0,"count":3,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/countries\/kuwait\/"}],"issue":[{"id":2362,"name":"July 2023","slug":"july-2023","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":16,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/july-2023\/","volume":"34","issue":"3"}],"region":[{"id":1314,"name":"Middle East and North Africa","slug":"middle-east-and-north-africa","taxonomy":"region","parent":0,"count":265,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/regions\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/"}],"subject":[{"id":1538,"name":"Accountability","slug":"accountability","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":129,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/accountability\/"},{"id":1572,"name":"Civil liberties","slug":"civil-liberties","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":54,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/civil-liberties\/"},{"id":1585,"name":"Monarchy","slug":"monarchy","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":19,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/monarchy\/"}]},"thumbnail":null},{"id":13691,"ID":13691,"post_type":"article","link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/articles\/the-end-of-village-democracy-in-china\/","excerpt":"

Under Xi Jinping, the Chinese Communist Party has wound down local elections and reasserted control in the countryside. But putting these burdens on its own shoulders brings new and significant risks for Beijing.<\/p>\n","title":"The End of Village Democracy in China","newsdate":false,"supplements":[],"attachments":[],"uploads":[],"issue_gratis":false,"gratis_flag":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/themes\/jod\/assets\/img\/free.svg","issue":{"id":2362,"name":"July 2023","slug":"july-2023","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":16,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/july-2023\/","volume":"34","issue":"3"},"class":"post-13691 article type-article status-publish hentry authors-ben-hillman country-china issue-july-2023 region-east-asia subject-accountability subject-elections subject-institutions","terms":{"authors":[{"id":2358,"name":"Ben Hillman","slug":"ben-hillman","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":1,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/ben-hillman\/"}],"country":[{"id":1360,"name":"China","slug":"china","taxonomy":"country","parent":0,"count":160,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/countries\/china\/"}],"issue":[{"id":2362,"name":"July 2023","slug":"july-2023","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":16,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/july-2023\/","volume":"34","issue":"3"}],"region":[{"id":1317,"name":"East Asia","slug":"east-asia","taxonomy":"region","parent":0,"count":138,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/regions\/east-asia\/"}],"subject":[{"id":1538,"name":"Accountability","slug":"accountability","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":129,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/accountability\/"},{"id":1551,"name":"Elections","slug":"elections","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":508,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/elections\/"},{"id":1574,"name":"Institutions","slug":"institutions","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":159,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/institutions\/"}]},"thumbnail":null},{"id":10487,"ID":10487,"post_type":"article","link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/articles\/the-americas-when-do-voters-support-power-grabs\/","excerpt":"

Recent survey research suggests that most voters disapprove of antidemocratic acts by elected leaders. Yet there are critical exceptions when a significant minority of voters are sympathetic to or even supportive of violations of democratic laws and norms.<\/p>\n","title":"The Americas: When Do Voters Support Power Grabs?","newsdate":false,"supplements":[],"attachments":[],"uploads":[],"issue_gratis":false,"gratis_flag":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/themes\/jod\/assets\/img\/free.svg","issue":{"id":2240,"name":"April 2021","slug":"april-2021","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":15,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/april-2021\/","volume":"32","issue":"2"},"class":"post-10487 article type-article status-publish hentry authors-guy-grossman authors-michael-albertus country-argentina country-brazil country-mexico country-united-states issue-april-2021 region-latin-america-and-the-caribbean region-north-america subject-accountability subject-democratic-decline subject-public-opinion","terms":{"authors":[{"id":2247,"name":"Michael Albertus","slug":"michael-albertus","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":2,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/michael-albertus\/"},{"id":2248,"name":"Guy Grossman","slug":"guy-grossman","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":1,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/guy-grossman\/"}],"country":[{"id":1327,"name":"Argentina","slug":"argentina","taxonomy":"country","parent":0,"count":19,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/countries\/argentina\/"},{"id":1346,"name":"Brazil","slug":"brazil","taxonomy":"country","parent":0,"count":30,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/countries\/brazil\/"},{"id":1442,"name":"Mexico","slug":"mexico","taxonomy":"country","parent":0,"count":40,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/countries\/mexico\/"},{"id":1515,"name":"United States","slug":"united-states","taxonomy":"country","parent":0,"count":74,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/countries\/united-states\/"}],"issue":[{"id":2240,"name":"April 2021","slug":"april-2021","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":15,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/april-2021\/","volume":"32","issue":"2"}],"region":[{"id":1313,"name":"Latin America and the Caribbean","slug":"latin-america-and-the-caribbean","taxonomy":"region","parent":0,"count":311,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/regions\/latin-america-and-the-caribbean\/"},{"id":1312,"name":"North America","slug":"north-america","taxonomy":"region","parent":0,"count":39,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/regions\/north-america\/"}],"subject":[{"id":1538,"name":"Accountability","slug":"accountability","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":129,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/accountability\/"},{"id":1586,"name":"Democratic decline","slug":"democratic-decline","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":165,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/democratic-decline\/"},{"id":1579,"name":"Public opinion","slug":"public-opinion","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":99,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/public-opinion\/"}]},"thumbnail":null},{"id":6672,"ID":6672,"post_type":"article","link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/articles\/viral-alarm-when-fury-overcomes-fear\/","excerpt":"

The coronavirus outbreak has exposed the corrupt and rotten core of the Chinese Communist Party\u2019s dictatorial rule over China. It is a moment of revelation. 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Three decades after sub-Saharan Africa joined the \u201cthird wave,\u201d democracy\u2019s ability to endure has been established in many countries, but its quality remains a grave concern.<\/p>\n","title":"Aspirations and Realities in Africa: Five Reflections","newsdate":false,"supplements":[],"attachments":[],"uploads":[],"issue_gratis":false,"gratis_flag":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/themes\/jod\/assets\/img\/free.svg","issue":{"id":1912,"name":"July 2019","slug":"july-2019","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":16,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/july-2019\/","volume":"30","issue":"3"},"class":"post-5367 article type-article status-publish hentry authors-peter-lewis issue-july-2019 region-africa subject-accountability subject-democratic-consolidation subject-democratic-transition subject-public-opinion","terms":{"authors":[{"id":491,"name":"Peter M. Lewis","slug":"peter-lewis","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":8,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/peter-lewis\/"}],"issue":[{"id":1912,"name":"July 2019","slug":"july-2019","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":16,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/july-2019\/","volume":"30","issue":"3"}],"region":[{"id":1307,"name":"Africa","slug":"africa","taxonomy":"region","parent":0,"count":251,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/regions\/africa\/"}],"subject":[{"id":1538,"name":"Accountability","slug":"accountability","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":129,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/accountability\/"},{"id":1547,"name":"Democratic consolidation","slug":"democratic-consolidation","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":243,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/democratic-consolidation\/"},{"id":1548,"name":"Democratic transition","slug":"democratic-transition","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":577,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/democratic-transition\/"},{"id":1579,"name":"Public opinion","slug":"public-opinion","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":99,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/public-opinion\/"}]},"thumbnail":null},{"id":4737,"ID":4737,"post_type":"article","link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/articles\/confronting-authoritarianism\/","excerpt":"

In May 2018, the people of Malaysia transcended distinctions of class, religion, and ethnicity in order to vote for democracy and reform against a long-ruling party riddled with corruption.<\/p>\n","title":"Confronting Authoritarianism","newsdate":false,"supplements":[],"attachments":[],"uploads":[],"issue_gratis":false,"gratis_flag":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/themes\/jod\/assets\/img\/free.svg","issue":{"id":1883,"name":"April 2019","slug":"april-2019","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":18,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/april-2019\/","volume":"30","issue":"2"},"class":"post-4737 article type-article status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry authors-anwar-ibrahim country-malaysia issue-april-2019 region-comparative-theoretical-general subject-accountability subject-authoritarianism subject-capitalism subject-democratic-transition subject-illiberalism subject-lipset-lecture subject-minorities subject-nationalism 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Politicians increasingly are attacking central bankers\u2014once viewed as bland, faceless technocrats\u2014for wielding too much power.<\/p>\n","title":"Rethinking Central-Bank Independence","newsdate":false,"supplements":[],"attachments":[],"uploads":[],"issue_gratis":false,"gratis_flag":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/themes\/jod\/assets\/img\/free.svg","issue":{"id":1883,"name":"April 2019","slug":"april-2019","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":18,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/april-2019\/","volume":"30","issue":"2"},"class":"post-4781 article type-article status-publish hentry authors-erik-jones authors-matthias-matthijs issue-april-2019 region-comparative-theoretical-general subject-accountability subject-central-banks subject-economic-reform subject-institutions","terms":{"authors":[{"id":1894,"name":"Erik Jones","slug":"erik-jones","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":3,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/erik-jones\/"},{"id":1023,"name":"Matthias Matthijs","slug":"matthias-matthijs","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":2,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/matthias-matthijs\/"}],"issue":[{"id":1883,"name":"April 2019","slug":"april-2019","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":18,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/april-2019\/","volume":"30","issue":"2"}],"region":[{"id":1306,"name":"Comparative Theoretical General","slug":"comparative-theoretical-general","taxonomy":"region","parent":0,"count":492,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/regions\/comparative-theoretical-general\/"}],"subject":[{"id":1538,"name":"Accountability","slug":"accountability","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":129,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/accountability\/"},{"id":1970,"name":"Central banks","slug":"central-banks","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":6,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/central-banks\/"},{"id":1550,"name":"Economic reform","slug":"economic-reform","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":110,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/economic-reform\/"},{"id":1574,"name":"Institutions","slug":"institutions","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":159,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/institutions\/"}]},"thumbnail":null},{"id":3291,"ID":3291,"post_type":"article","link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/articles\/the-undemocratic-dilemma\/","excerpt":"

The ability of liberal democracies around the world to translate popular views into public policy has been declining. Yet there is no easy way to overcome this trend without weakening the capacity of governments to solve some of the most pressing challenges of the coming decades.<\/p>\n","title":"The Undemocratic Dilemma","newsdate":false,"supplements":[],"attachments":[],"uploads":[],"issue_gratis":true,"gratis_flag":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/themes\/jod\/assets\/img\/free.svg","issue":{"id":1734,"name":"April 2018","slug":"april-2018","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":18,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/april-2018\/","volume":"29","issue":"2"},"class":"post-3291 article type-article status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry authors-yascha-mounk issue-april-2018 region-advanced-democracies subject-accountability subject-central-banks subject-democratic-decline subject-liberalism","terms":{"authors":[{"id":1100,"name":"Yascha 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As explained in the essays that follow, kleptocracy has become a potent threat to the integrity of democracy around the globe.<\/p>\n","title":"The Rise of Kleptocracy: A Challenge for Democracy","newsdate":false,"supplements":[],"attachments":[],"uploads":[],"issue_gratis":false,"gratis_flag":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/themes\/jod\/assets\/img\/free.svg","issue":{"id":1733,"name":"January 2018","slug":"january-2018","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":18,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/january-2018\/","volume":"29","issue":"1"},"class":"post-3232 article type-article status-publish hentry authors-christopher-walker authors-melissa-aten issue-january-2018 region-multiregional subject-accountability subject-corruption subject-kleptocracy","terms":{"authors":[{"id":908,"name":"Christopher Walker","slug":"christopher-walker","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":11,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/christopher-walker\/"},{"id":1174,"name":"Melissa Aten","slug":"melissa-aten","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":1,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/melissa-aten\/"}],"issue":[{"id":1733,"name":"January 2018","slug":"january-2018","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":18,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/january-2018\/","volume":"29","issue":"1"}],"region":[{"id":1315,"name":"Multiregional","slug":"multiregional","taxonomy":"region","parent":0,"count":160,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/regions\/multiregional\/"}],"subject":[{"id":1538,"name":"Accountability","slug":"accountability","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":129,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/accountability\/"},{"id":1544,"name":"Corruption","slug":"corruption","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":187,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/corruption\/"},{"id":1587,"name":"Kleptocracy","slug":"kleptocracy","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":12,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/kleptocracy\/"}]},"thumbnail":null},{"id":3234,"ID":3234,"post_type":"article","link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/articles\/the-rise-of-kleptocracy-the-dark-side-of-globalization\/","excerpt":"

The grand corruption enabled by the rise of offshore finance has come to follow a recurring pattern: steal, obscure, and spend.<\/p>\n","title":"The Rise of Kleptocracy: The Dark Side of Globalization","newsdate":false,"supplements":[],"attachments":[],"uploads":[],"issue_gratis":false,"gratis_flag":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/themes\/jod\/assets\/img\/free.svg","issue":{"id":1733,"name":"January 2018","slug":"january-2018","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":18,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/january-2018\/","volume":"29","issue":"1"},"class":"post-3234 article type-article status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry authors-oliver-bullough issue-january-2018 region-multiregional subject-accountability subject-corruption subject-globalization subject-kleptocracy","terms":{"authors":[{"id":1175,"name":"Oliver Bullough","slug":"oliver-bullough","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":1,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/oliver-bullough\/"}],"issue":[{"id":1733,"name":"January 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To safeguard their ill-gotten gains, kleptocrats rely on a web of transnational relationships and the complicity of Western fixers.<\/p>\n","title":"The Rise of Kleptocracy: Laundering Cash, Whitewashing Reputations","newsdate":false,"supplements":[],"attachments":[],"uploads":[],"issue_gratis":true,"gratis_flag":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/themes\/jod\/assets\/img\/free.svg","issue":{"id":1733,"name":"January 2018","slug":"january-2018","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":18,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/january-2018\/","volume":"29","issue":"1"},"class":"post-3236 article type-article status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry authors-alexander-cooley authors-j-c-sharman authors-john-heathershaw issue-january-2018 region-multiregional subject-accountability subject-civil-society subject-corruption subject-globalization subject-institutions subject-kleptocracy","terms":{"authors":[{"id":1065,"name":"Alexander Cooley","slug":"alexander-cooley","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":2,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/alexander-cooley\/"},{"id":1176,"name":"John Heathershaw","slug":"john-heathershaw","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":1,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/john-heathershaw\/"},{"id":1177,"name":"J.C. 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Central African autocrats are using their stolen money to outmaneuver opponents and deflect international criticism.<\/p>\n","title":"The Rise of Kleptocracy: Autocrats versus Activists in Africa","newsdate":false,"supplements":[{"title":"Graphic – Sassou Nguesso’s Lobbying Record in Washington","link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/Graphic-Lobbying-Record-of-Sassou-Nguesso-in-Washington.pdf","ext":"pdf","type":"application\/pdf"}],"attachments":[],"uploads":[],"issue_gratis":false,"gratis_flag":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/themes\/jod\/assets\/img\/free.svg","issue":{"id":1733,"name":"January 2018","slug":"january-2018","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":18,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/january-2018\/","volume":"29","issue":"1"},"class":"post-3238 article type-article status-publish hentry authors-brett-l-carter country-cameroon country-chad country-congo-brazzaville country-congo-kinshasa country-equatorial-guinea country-eritrea country-gabon issue-january-2018 region-africa subject-accountability subject-authoritarianism subject-civil-society subject-corruption subject-globalization subject-international-organizations subject-kleptocracy subject-opposition-movements","terms":{"authors":[{"id":1101,"name":"Brett L. Carter","slug":"brett-l-carter","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":2,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/brett-l-carter\/"}],"country":[{"id":1353,"name":"Cameroon","slug":"cameroon","taxonomy":"country","parent":0,"count":4,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/countries\/cameroon\/"},{"id":1358,"name":"Chad","slug":"chad","taxonomy":"country","parent":0,"count":2,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/countries\/chad\/"},{"id":1363,"name":"Congo (Brazzaville)","slug":"congo-brazzaville","taxonomy":"country","parent":0,"count":3,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/countries\/congo-brazzaville\/"},{"id":1364,"name":"Congo (Kinshasa)","slug":"congo-kinshasa","taxonomy":"country","parent":0,"count":7,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/countries\/congo-kinshasa\/"},{"id":1379,"name":"Equatorial Guinea","slug":"equatorial-guinea","taxonomy":"country","parent":0,"count":1,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/countries\/equatorial-guinea\/"},{"id":1380,"name":"Eritrea","slug":"eritrea","taxonomy":"country","parent":0,"count":2,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/countries\/eritrea\/"},{"id":1387,"name":"Gabon","slug":"gabon","taxonomy":"country","parent":0,"count":2,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/countries\/gabon\/"}],"issue":[{"id":1733,"name":"January 2018","slug":"january-2018","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":18,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/january-2018\/","volume":"29","issue":"1"}],"region":[{"id":1307,"name":"Africa","slug":"africa","taxonomy":"region","parent":0,"count":251,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/regions\/africa\/"}],"subject":[{"id":1538,"name":"Accountability","slug":"accountability","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":129,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/accountability\/"},{"id":1570,"name":"Authoritarianism","slug":"authoritarianism","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":306,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/authoritarianism\/"},{"id":1540,"name":"Civil society","slug":"civil-society","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":258,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/civil-society\/"},{"id":1544,"name":"Corruption","slug":"corruption","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":187,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/corruption\/"},{"id":1556,"name":"Globalization","slug":"globalization","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":31,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/globalization\/"},{"id":1558,"name":"International organizations","slug":"international-organizations","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":63,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/international-organizations\/"},{"id":1587,"name":"Kleptocracy","slug":"kleptocracy","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":12,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/kleptocracy\/"},{"id":1578,"name":"Opposition movements","slug":"opposition-movements","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":119,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/opposition-movements\/"}]},"thumbnail":null},{"id":3241,"ID":3241,"post_type":"article","link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/articles\/the-rise-of-kleptocracy-malaysias-missing-billions\/","excerpt":"

One of the world’s worst public-corruption scandals shows how a lax international financial system enables massive graft in developing countries.<\/p>\n","title":"The Rise of Kleptocracy: Malaysia\u2019s Missing Billions","newsdate":false,"supplements":[],"attachments":[],"uploads":[],"issue_gratis":false,"gratis_flag":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/themes\/jod\/assets\/img\/free.svg","issue":{"id":1733,"name":"January 2018","slug":"january-2018","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":18,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/january-2018\/","volume":"29","issue":"1"},"class":"post-3241 article type-article status-publish hentry authors-cynthia-gabriel country-malaysia issue-january-2018 region-southeast-asia subject-accountability subject-corruption subject-kleptocracy","terms":{"authors":[{"id":1178,"name":"Cynthia Gabriel","slug":"cynthia-gabriel","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":1,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/cynthia-gabriel\/"}],"country":[{"id":1434,"name":"Malaysia","slug":"malaysia","taxonomy":"country","parent":0,"count":18,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/countries\/malaysia\/"}],"issue":[{"id":1733,"name":"January 2018","slug":"january-2018","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":18,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/january-2018\/","volume":"29","issue":"1"}],"region":[{"id":1318,"name":"Southeast Asia","slug":"southeast-asia","taxonomy":"region","parent":0,"count":79,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/regions\/southeast-asia\/"}],"subject":[{"id":1538,"name":"Accountability","slug":"accountability","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":129,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/accountability\/"},{"id":1544,"name":"Corruption","slug":"corruption","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":187,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/corruption\/"},{"id":1587,"name":"Kleptocracy","slug":"kleptocracy","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":12,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/kleptocracy\/"}]},"thumbnail":null},{"id":3245,"ID":3245,"post_type":"article","link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/articles\/the-rise-of-kleptocracy-does-china-fit-the-model\/","excerpt":"

China has seen a staggering number of official corruption cases in recent years. But does it merit the label of kleptocracy? <\/p>\n","title":"The Rise of Kleptocracy: Does China Fit the Model?","newsdate":false,"supplements":[],"attachments":[],"uploads":[],"issue_gratis":false,"gratis_flag":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/themes\/jod\/assets\/img\/free.svg","issue":{"id":1733,"name":"January 2018","slug":"january-2018","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":18,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/january-2018\/","volume":"29","issue":"1"},"class":"post-3245 article type-article status-publish hentry authors-andrew-wedeman country-china issue-january-2018 region-east-asia subject-accountability subject-corruption subject-kleptocracy","terms":{"authors":[{"id":1180,"name":"Andrew Wedeman","slug":"andrew-wedeman","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":1,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/andrew-wedeman\/"}],"country":[{"id":1360,"name":"China","slug":"china","taxonomy":"country","parent":0,"count":160,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/countries\/china\/"}],"issue":[{"id":1733,"name":"January 2018","slug":"january-2018","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":18,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/january-2018\/","volume":"29","issue":"1"}],"region":[{"id":1317,"name":"East Asia","slug":"east-asia","taxonomy":"region","parent":0,"count":138,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/regions\/east-asia\/"}],"subject":[{"id":1538,"name":"Accountability","slug":"accountability","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":129,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/accountability\/"},{"id":1544,"name":"Corruption","slug":"corruption","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":187,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/corruption\/"},{"id":1587,"name":"Kleptocracy","slug":"kleptocracy","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":12,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/kleptocracy\/"}]},"thumbnail":null},{"id":3103,"ID":3103,"post_type":"article","link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/articles\/the-modernization-trap\/","excerpt":"

Populist nationalism is emerging as the main competitor to liberal democracy. But despite its current resurgence, in the long run, like other illiberal paths to modernity, it is likely to prove a dead end.<\/p>\n","title":"The Modernization Trap","newsdate":false,"supplements":[],"attachments":[],"uploads":[],"issue_gratis":false,"gratis_flag":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/themes\/jod\/assets\/img\/free.svg","issue":{"id":1730,"name":"April 2017","slug":"april-2017","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":18,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/april-2017\/","volume":"28","issue":"2"},"class":"post-3103 article type-article status-publish hentry authors-jack-snyder issue-april-2017 region-comparative-theoretical-general region-multiregional subject-accountability subject-capitalism subject-economic-development subject-globalization subject-nationalism subject-populism","terms":{"authors":[{"id":589,"name":"Jack Snyder","slug":"jack-snyder","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":2,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/jack-snyder\/"}],"issue":[{"id":1730,"name":"April 2017","slug":"april-2017","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":18,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/april-2017\/","volume":"28","issue":"2"}],"region":[{"id":1306,"name":"Comparative Theoretical General","slug":"comparative-theoretical-general","taxonomy":"region","parent":0,"count":492,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/regions\/comparative-theoretical-general\/"},{"id":1315,"name":"Multiregional","slug":"multiregional","taxonomy":"region","parent":0,"count":160,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/regions\/multiregional\/"}],"subject":[{"id":1538,"name":"Accountability","slug":"accountability","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":129,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/accountability\/"},{"id":1539,"name":"Capitalism","slug":"capitalism","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":51,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/capitalism\/"},{"id":1549,"name":"Economic development","slug":"economic-development","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":172,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/economic-development\/"},{"id":1556,"name":"Globalization","slug":"globalization","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":31,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/globalization\/"},{"id":1563,"name":"Nationalism","slug":"nationalism","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":85,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/nationalism\/"},{"id":1583,"name":"Populism","slug":"populism","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":98,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/populism\/"}]},"thumbnail":null},{"id":3105,"ID":3105,"post_type":"article","link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/articles\/ghana-the-ebbing-power-of-incumbency\/","excerpt":"

Despite pre-election fears, the victory of the opposition NPP over the ruling NDC in Ghana’s December 2016 elections became the prologue to a peaceful transfer of power. This outcome suggests that the advantage of incumbency in African elections may be on the wane.<\/p>\n","title":"Ghana: The Ebbing Power of Incumbency","newsdate":false,"supplements":[],"attachments":[],"uploads":[],"issue_gratis":false,"gratis_flag":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/themes\/jod\/assets\/img\/free.svg","issue":{"id":1730,"name":"April 2017","slug":"april-2017","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":18,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/april-2017\/","volume":"28","issue":"2"},"class":"post-3105 article type-article status-publish hentry authors-gabrielle-lynch authors-justin-willis authors-nic-cheeseman country-ghana issue-april-2017 region-africa subject-accountability subject-democratic-consolidation subject-elections subject-political-parties","terms":{"authors":[{"id":411,"name":"Nic Cheeseman","slug":"nic-cheeseman","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":6,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/nic-cheeseman\/"},{"id":1139,"name":"Gabrielle Lynch","slug":"gabrielle-lynch","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":1,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/gabrielle-lynch\/"},{"id":1140,"name":"Justin Willis","slug":"justin-willis","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":1,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/justin-willis\/"}],"country":[{"id":1391,"name":"Ghana","slug":"ghana","taxonomy":"country","parent":0,"count":11,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/countries\/ghana\/"}],"issue":[{"id":1730,"name":"April 2017","slug":"april-2017","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":18,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/april-2017\/","volume":"28","issue":"2"}],"region":[{"id":1307,"name":"Africa","slug":"africa","taxonomy":"region","parent":0,"count":251,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/regions\/africa\/"}],"subject":[{"id":1538,"name":"Accountability","slug":"accountability","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":129,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/accountability\/"},{"id":1547,"name":"Democratic consolidation","slug":"democratic-consolidation","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":243,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/democratic-consolidation\/"},{"id":1551,"name":"Elections","slug":"elections","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":508,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/elections\/"},{"id":1566,"name":"Political parties","slug":"political-parties","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":245,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/political-parties\/"}]},"thumbnail":null},{"id":3047,"ID":3047,"post_type":"article","link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/articles\/particularisms-empire\/","excerpt":"

A review of The Quest for Good Governance: How Societies Develop Control of Corruption<\/em> by Alina Mungiu-Pippidi.<\/p>\n","title":"Particularism\u2019s Empire","newsdate":false,"supplements":[],"attachments":[],"uploads":[],"issue_gratis":false,"gratis_flag":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/themes\/jod\/assets\/img\/free.svg","issue":{"id":1728,"name":"October 2016","slug":"october-2016","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":17,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/october-2016\/","volume":"27","issue":"4"},"class":"post-3047 article type-article status-publish hentry authors-edward-aspinall issue-october-2016 region-comparative-theoretical-general section-books-in-review subject-accountability subject-corruption","terms":{"authors":[{"id":377,"name":"Edward Aspinall","slug":"edward-aspinall","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":5,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/edward-aspinall\/"}],"issue":[{"id":1728,"name":"October 2016","slug":"october-2016","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":17,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/october-2016\/","volume":"27","issue":"4"}],"region":[{"id":1306,"name":"Comparative Theoretical General","slug":"comparative-theoretical-general","taxonomy":"region","parent":0,"count":492,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/regions\/comparative-theoretical-general\/"}],"section":[{"id":1534,"name":"Books in Review","slug":"books-in-review","taxonomy":"section","parent":0,"count":167,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/sections\/books-in-review\/"}],"subject":[{"id":1538,"name":"Accountability","slug":"accountability","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":129,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/accountability\/"},{"id":1544,"name":"Corruption","slug":"corruption","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":187,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/corruption\/"}]},"thumbnail":null},{"id":2901,"ID":2901,"post_type":"article","link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/articles\/on-democratic-backsliding\/","excerpt":"

Old-fashioned military coups and blatant election-day fraud are becoming mercifully rarer these days, but other, subtler forms of democratic regression are a growing problem that demands more attention.<\/p>\n","title":"On Democratic Backsliding","newsdate":false,"supplements":[{"title":"List of Coded Coups","link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/Bermeo-Supplemental-List-of-Coded-Coups-27-1.pdf","ext":"pdf","type":"application\/pdf"},{"title":"Figure Axis Descriptions","link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/Bermeo-Supplemental-Figure-Axis-Descriptions-27-1.pdf","ext":"pdf","type":"application\/pdf"}],"attachments":[],"uploads":[],"issue_gratis":false,"gratis_flag":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/themes\/jod\/assets\/img\/free.svg","issue":{"id":1725,"name":"January 2016","slug":"january-2016","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":16,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/january-2016\/","volume":"27","issue":"1"},"class":"post-2901 article type-article status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry authors-nancy-bermeo issue-january-2016 region-comparative-theoretical-general subject-accountability subject-democratic-decline","terms":{"authors":[{"id":465,"name":"Nancy Bermeo","slug":"nancy-bermeo","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":5,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/nancy-bermeo\/"}],"issue":[{"id":1725,"name":"January 2016","slug":"january-2016","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":16,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/january-2016\/","volume":"27","issue":"1"}],"region":[{"id":1306,"name":"Comparative Theoretical 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Are the “virtuous circles” crucial to good governance always the product of long-term developments under unique historical circumstances, or can they be started or accelerated by wise policies?<\/p>\n","title":"The Quest for Good Governance: Learning from Virtuous Circles","newsdate":false,"supplements":[{"title":"Good Governance Indicators in Borderline Countries","link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/Mungiu-Pippidi-Supplemental-Good-Governance-Indicators-in-Borderline-Countries-27-1.pdf","ext":"pdf","type":"application\/pdf"}],"attachments":[{"title":"The Quest for Good Governance: Learning from Virtuous Circles","link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/Mungiu-pippidi-27-1.pdf","ext":"pdf","type":"application\/pdf"}],"uploads":[],"issue_gratis":true,"gratis_flag":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/themes\/jod\/assets\/img\/free.svg","issue":{"id":1725,"name":"January 2016","slug":"january-2016","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":16,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/january-2016\/","volume":"27","issue":"1"},"class":"post-2920 article type-article status-publish hentry authors-alina-mungiu-pippidi issue-january-2016 region-comparative-theoretical-general subject-accountability subject-corruption subject-institutions subject-rule-of-law","terms":{"authors":[{"id":371,"name":"Alina Mungiu-Pippidi","slug":"alina-mungiu-pippidi","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":14,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/alina-mungiu-pippidi\/"}],"issue":[{"id":1725,"name":"January 2016","slug":"january-2016","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":16,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/january-2016\/","volume":"27","issue":"1"}],"region":[{"id":1306,"name":"Comparative Theoretical General","slug":"comparative-theoretical-general","taxonomy":"region","parent":0,"count":492,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/regions\/comparative-theoretical-general\/"}],"subject":[{"id":1538,"name":"Accountability","slug":"accountability","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":129,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/accountability\/"},{"id":1544,"name":"Corruption","slug":"corruption","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":187,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/corruption\/"},{"id":1574,"name":"Institutions","slug":"institutions","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":159,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/institutions\/"},{"id":1568,"name":"Rule of law","slug":"rule-of-law","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":106,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/rule-of-law\/"}]},"thumbnail":null},{"id":2878,"ID":2878,"post_type":"article","link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/articles\/decentralizing-for-a-deeper-more-supple-democracy\/","excerpt":"

Can decentralization deepen democracy or is it doomed to weaken the state? If well designed, decentralization can have a positive impact on national unity, conflict mitigation, policy autonomy, service delivery, and social learning.<\/p>\n","title":"Decentralizing for a Deeper, More Supple Democracy","newsdate":false,"supplements":[],"attachments":[],"uploads":[],"issue_gratis":false,"gratis_flag":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/themes\/jod\/assets\/img\/free.svg","issue":{"id":1724,"name":"October 2015","slug":"october-2015","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":17,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/october-2015\/","volume":"26","issue":"4"},"class":"post-2878 article type-article status-publish hentry authors-ashley-m-fox authors-caroline-poschl authors-jean-paul-faguet issue-october-2015 region-comparative-theoretical-general subject-accountability subject-ethnic-conflict subject-federalism subject-institutions subject-power-sharing","terms":{"authors":[{"id":1072,"name":"Jean-Paul Faguet","slug":"jean-paul-faguet","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":2,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/jean-paul-faguet\/"},{"id":1073,"name":"Ashley M. Fox","slug":"ashley-m-fox","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":1,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/ashley-m-fox\/"},{"id":1074,"name":"Caroline P\u00f6schl","slug":"caroline-poschl","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":1,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/caroline-poschl\/"}],"issue":[{"id":1724,"name":"October 2015","slug":"october-2015","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":17,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/october-2015\/","volume":"26","issue":"4"}],"region":[{"id":1306,"name":"Comparative Theoretical General","slug":"comparative-theoretical-general","taxonomy":"region","parent":0,"count":492,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/regions\/comparative-theoretical-general\/"}],"subject":[{"id":1538,"name":"Accountability","slug":"accountability","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":129,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/accountability\/"},{"id":1552,"name":"Ethnic conflict","slug":"ethnic-conflict","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":69,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/ethnic-conflict\/"},{"id":1554,"name":"Federalism","slug":"federalism","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":33,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/federalism\/"},{"id":1574,"name":"Institutions","slug":"institutions","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":159,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/institutions\/"},{"id":1955,"name":"Power sharing","slug":"power-sharing","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":25,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/power-sharing\/"}]},"thumbnail":null},{"id":2795,"ID":2795,"post_type":"article","link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/articles\/transitional-justice-and-its-discontents\/","excerpt":"

The impulse to have crimes against humanity investigated and punished, like the impulse behind “truth and reconciliation” commissions, is understandable. But legalism cannot supersede the hard and messy work of politics.<\/p>\n","title":"Transitional Justice and Its Discontents","newsdate":false,"supplements":[],"attachments":[{"title":"Transitional Justice and Its Discontents","link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/McCargo-26-2.pdf","ext":"pdf","type":"application\/pdf"}],"uploads":[],"issue_gratis":true,"gratis_flag":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/themes\/jod\/assets\/img\/free.svg","issue":{"id":1722,"name":"April 2015","slug":"april-2015","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":16,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/april-2015\/","volume":"26","issue":"2"},"class":"post-2795 article type-article status-publish hentry authors-duncan-mccargo issue-april-2015 region-comparative-theoretical-general subject-accountability subject-historical-memory subject-transitional-justice","terms":{"authors":[{"id":648,"name":"Duncan McCargo","slug":"duncan-mccargo","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":6,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/duncan-mccargo\/"}],"issue":[{"id":1722,"name":"April 2015","slug":"april-2015","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":16,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/april-2015\/","volume":"26","issue":"2"}],"region":[{"id":1306,"name":"Comparative Theoretical General","slug":"comparative-theoretical-general","taxonomy":"region","parent":0,"count":492,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/regions\/comparative-theoretical-general\/"}],"subject":[{"id":1538,"name":"Accountability","slug":"accountability","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":129,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/accountability\/"},{"id":1891,"name":"Historical memory","slug":"historical-memory","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":25,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/historical-memory\/"},{"id":1905,"name":"Transitional justice","slug":"transitional-justice","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":6,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/transitional-justice\/"}]},"thumbnail":null},{"id":2694,"ID":2694,"post_type":"article","link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/articles\/the-maidan-and-beyond-oligarchs-corruption-and-european-integration\/","excerpt":"

Controlling corruption is a huge challenge for Ukraine, especially in the natural-gas industry. The steps needed are well understood, if only the political will to take them can be summoned.<\/p>\n","title":"The Maidan and Beyond: Oligarchs, Corruption, and European Integration","newsdate":false,"supplements":[],"attachments":[{"title":"Oligarchs, Corruption, and European Integration","link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/07\/Aslund-25-3.pdf","ext":"pdf","type":"application\/pdf"}],"uploads":[],"issue_gratis":true,"gratis_flag":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/themes\/jod\/assets\/img\/free.svg","issue":{"id":1719,"name":"July 2014","slug":"july-2014","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":19,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/july-2014\/","volume":"25","issue":"3"},"class":"post-2694 article type-article status-publish hentry authors-anders-aslund country-ukraine issue-july-2014 region-central-and-eastern-europe subject-accountability subject-corruption subject-european-union subject-political-culture","terms":{"authors":[{"id":628,"name":"Anders \u00c5slund","slug":"anders-aslund","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":6,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/anders-aslund\/"}],"country":[{"id":1512,"name":"Ukraine","slug":"ukraine","taxonomy":"country","parent":0,"count":58,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/countries\/ukraine\/"}],"issue":[{"id":1719,"name":"July 2014","slug":"july-2014","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":19,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/july-2014\/","volume":"25","issue":"3"}],"region":[{"id":1310,"name":"Central and Eastern Europe","slug":"central-and-eastern-europe","taxonomy":"region","parent":0,"count":252,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/regions\/central-and-eastern-europe\/"}],"subject":[{"id":1538,"name":"Accountability","slug":"accountability","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":129,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/accountability\/"},{"id":1544,"name":"Corruption","slug":"corruption","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":187,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/corruption\/"},{"id":1553,"name":"European Union","slug":"european-union","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":63,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/european-union\/"},{"id":1565,"name":"Political culture","slug":"political-culture","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":374,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/political-culture\/"}]},"thumbnail":null},{"id":2670,"ID":2670,"post_type":"article","link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/articles\/shifting-tides-in-south-asia-sri-lankas-postwar-descent\/","excerpt":"

With the defeat of the Tamil Tigers in a 26-year civil war, Sri Lanka had a chance for genuine reconciliation, but that chance is being  squandered by the government of President Mahinda Rajapaksa.<\/p>\n","title":"Shifting Tides in South Asia: Sri Lanka\u2019s Postwar Descent","newsdate":false,"supplements":[],"attachments":[],"uploads":[],"issue_gratis":false,"gratis_flag":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/themes\/jod\/assets\/img\/free.svg","issue":{"id":1718,"name":"April 2014","slug":"april-2014","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":17,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/april-2014\/","volume":"25","issue":"2"},"class":"post-2670 article type-article status-publish hentry authors-jason-g-stone country-sri-lanka issue-april-2014 region-south-asia subject-accountability subject-armed-conflicts subject-democratic-decline subject-ethnic-conflict","terms":{"authors":[{"id":1037,"name":"Jason G. Stone","slug":"jason-g-stone","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":1,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/jason-g-stone\/"}],"country":[{"id":1494,"name":"Sri Lanka","slug":"sri-lanka","taxonomy":"country","parent":0,"count":15,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/countries\/sri-lanka\/"}],"issue":[{"id":1718,"name":"April 2014","slug":"april-2014","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":17,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/april-2014\/","volume":"25","issue":"2"}],"region":[{"id":1319,"name":"South Asia","slug":"south-asia","taxonomy":"region","parent":0,"count":91,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/regions\/south-asia\/"}],"subject":[{"id":1538,"name":"Accountability","slug":"accountability","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":129,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/accountability\/"},{"id":1909,"name":"Armed conflicts","slug":"armed-conflicts","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":60,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/armed-conflicts\/"},{"id":1586,"name":"Democratic decline","slug":"democratic-decline","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":165,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/democratic-decline\/"},{"id":1552,"name":"Ethnic conflict","slug":"ethnic-conflict","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":69,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/ethnic-conflict\/"}]},"thumbnail":null},{"id":2615,"ID":2615,"post_type":"article","link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/articles\/the-legacies-of-1989-the-transformative-power-of-europe-revisited\/","excerpt":"

Improving governance in the EU’s new member states remains a huge challenge for the European project. Why has the EU succeeded in promoting democracy among its postcommunist members but failed in promoting good governance?<\/p>\n","title":"The Legacies of 1989: The Transformative Power of Europe Revisited","newsdate":false,"supplements":[{"title":"Regression Table","link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/01\/Mungiu-Pippidi-RegressionTable-25-1.pdf","ext":"pdf","type":"application\/pdf"}],"attachments":[],"uploads":[],"issue_gratis":false,"gratis_flag":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/themes\/jod\/assets\/img\/free.svg","issue":{"id":1717,"name":"January 2014","slug":"january-2014","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":15,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/january-2014\/","volume":"25","issue":"1"},"class":"post-2615 article type-article status-publish hentry authors-alina-mungiu-pippidi issue-january-2014 region-central-and-eastern-europe subject-accountability subject-corruption subject-governance","terms":{"authors":[{"id":371,"name":"Alina Mungiu-Pippidi","slug":"alina-mungiu-pippidi","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":14,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/alina-mungiu-pippidi\/"}],"issue":[{"id":1717,"name":"January 2014","slug":"january-2014","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":15,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/january-2014\/","volume":"25","issue":"1"}],"region":[{"id":1310,"name":"Central and Eastern Europe","slug":"central-and-eastern-europe","taxonomy":"region","parent":0,"count":252,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/regions\/central-and-eastern-europe\/"}],"subject":[{"id":1538,"name":"Accountability","slug":"accountability","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":129,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/accountability\/"},{"id":1544,"name":"Corruption","slug":"corruption","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":187,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/corruption\/"},{"id":1890,"name":"Governance","slug":"governance","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":97,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/governance\/"}]},"thumbnail":null},{"id":2618,"ID":2618,"post_type":"article","link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/articles\/the-legacies-of-1989-bulgarias-year-of-civic-anger\/","excerpt":"

In 2013, Bulgaria’s historically passive citizenry exploded in outrage over soaring energy bills and shady elite actions. What does Bulgaria’s year of protest tell us about how civic anger is generated and when it becomes a transformative political resource?<\/p>\n","title":"The Legacies of 1989: Bulgaria’s Year of Civic Anger","newsdate":false,"supplements":[],"attachments":[{"title":"The Legacies of 1989: Bulgaria’s Year of Civic Anger","link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/01\/Ganev-25-1.pdf","ext":"pdf","type":"application\/pdf"}],"uploads":[],"issue_gratis":true,"gratis_flag":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/themes\/jod\/assets\/img\/free.svg","issue":{"id":1717,"name":"January 2014","slug":"january-2014","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":15,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/january-2014\/","volume":"25","issue":"1"},"class":"post-2618 article type-article status-publish hentry authors-venelin-i-ganev country-bulgaria issue-january-2014 region-central-and-eastern-europe subject-accountability subject-protests","terms":{"authors":[{"id":638,"name":"Venelin I. Ganev","slug":"venelin-i-ganev","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":4,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/venelin-i-ganev\/"}],"country":[{"id":1348,"name":"Bulgaria","slug":"bulgaria","taxonomy":"country","parent":0,"count":15,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/countries\/bulgaria\/"}],"issue":[{"id":1717,"name":"January 2014","slug":"january-2014","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":15,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/january-2014\/","volume":"25","issue":"1"}],"region":[{"id":1310,"name":"Central and Eastern Europe","slug":"central-and-eastern-europe","taxonomy":"region","parent":0,"count":252,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/regions\/central-and-eastern-europe\/"}],"subject":[{"id":1538,"name":"Accountability","slug":"accountability","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":129,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/accountability\/"},{"id":1911,"name":"Protests","slug":"protests","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":78,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/protests\/"}]},"thumbnail":null},{"id":1132,"ID":1132,"post_type":"article","link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/articles\/southeast-asia-minding-the-gap-between-democracy-and-governance\/","excerpt":"

Do democracy and good governance necessarily go hand-in-hand? In most Southeast Asian countries, a gap exists between the two. How should we understand good governance in an authoritarian context? And what does poor governance mean for the legitimacy of democracy?<\/p>\n","title":"Southeast Asia: Minding the Gap Between Democracy and Governance","newsdate":false,"supplements":[],"attachments":[],"uploads":[],"issue_gratis":false,"gratis_flag":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/themes\/jod\/assets\/img\/free.svg","issue":{"id":1710,"name":"April 2012","slug":"april-2012","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":16,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/april-2012\/","volume":"23","issue":"2"},"class":"post-1132 article type-article status-publish hentry authors-donald-k-emmerson country-brunei country-burma country-cambodia country-indonesia country-laos country-malaysia country-philippines country-singapore country-timor-leste country-vietnam issue-april-2012 region-asia region-southeast-asia subject-accountability subject-authoritarianism subject-civil-liberties subject-corruption subject-democratic-consolidation subject-governance subject-liberalism","terms":{"authors":[{"id":523,"name":"Donald K. Emmerson","slug":"donald-k-emmerson","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":7,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/donald-k-emmerson\/"}],"country":[{"id":1347,"name":"Brunei","slug":"brunei","taxonomy":"country","parent":0,"count":1,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/countries\/brunei\/"},{"id":1350,"name":"Burma","slug":"burma","taxonomy":"country","parent":0,"count":21,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/countries\/burma\/"},{"id":1352,"name":"Cambodia","slug":"cambodia","taxonomy":"country","parent":0,"count":9,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/countries\/cambodia\/"},{"id":1406,"name":"Indonesia","slug":"indonesia","taxonomy":"country","parent":0,"count":34,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/countries\/indonesia\/"},{"id":1421,"name":"Laos","slug":"laos","taxonomy":"country","parent":0,"count":2,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/countries\/laos\/"},{"id":1434,"name":"Malaysia","slug":"malaysia","taxonomy":"country","parent":0,"count":18,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/countries\/malaysia\/"},{"id":1470,"name":"Philippines","slug":"philippines","taxonomy":"country","parent":0,"count":26,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/countries\/philippines\/"},{"id":1486,"name":"Singapore","slug":"singapore","taxonomy":"country","parent":0,"count":17,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/countries\/singapore\/"},{"id":1526,"name":"Timor-Leste","slug":"timor-leste","taxonomy":"country","parent":0,"count":3,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/countries\/timor-leste\/"},{"id":1520,"name":"Vietnam","slug":"vietnam","taxonomy":"country","parent":0,"count":4,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/countries\/vietnam\/"}],"issue":[{"id":1710,"name":"April 2012","slug":"april-2012","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":16,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/april-2012\/","volume":"23","issue":"2"}],"region":[{"id":1308,"name":"Asia","slug":"asia","taxonomy":"region","parent":0,"count":274,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/regions\/asia\/"},{"id":1318,"name":"Southeast Asia","slug":"southeast-asia","taxonomy":"region","parent":0,"count":79,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/regions\/southeast-asia\/"}],"subject":[{"id":1538,"name":"Accountability","slug":"accountability","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":129,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/accountability\/"},{"id":1570,"name":"Authoritarianism","slug":"authoritarianism","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":306,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/authoritarianism\/"},{"id":1572,"name":"Civil liberties","slug":"civil-liberties","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":54,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/civil-liberties\/"},{"id":1544,"name":"Corruption","slug":"corruption","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":187,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/corruption\/"},{"id":1547,"name":"Democratic consolidation","slug":"democratic-consolidation","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":243,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/democratic-consolidation\/"},{"id":1890,"name":"Governance","slug":"governance","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":97,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/governance\/"},{"id":1560,"name":"Liberalism","slug":"liberalism","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":99,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/liberalism\/"}]},"thumbnail":null},{"id":691,"ID":691,"post_type":"article","link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/articles\/china-and-east-asian-democracy-the-patterns-of-history\/","excerpt":"

The legitimacy and appeal of democracy in East Asia will depend on how democratic countries in the region stack up against China.<\/p>\n","title":"China and East Asian Democracy: The Patterns of History","newsdate":false,"supplements":[],"attachments":[],"uploads":[],"issue_gratis":false,"gratis_flag":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/themes\/jod\/assets\/img\/free.svg","issue":{"id":1709,"name":"January 2012","slug":"january-2012","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":18,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/january-2012\/","volume":"23","issue":"1"},"class":"post-691 article type-article status-publish hentry authors-francis-fukuyama country-china country-japan country-singapore country-south-korea country-taiwan country-thailand issue-january-2012 region-asia subject-accountability subject-authoritarianism subject-rule-of-law","terms":{"authors":[{"id":272,"name":"Francis Fukuyama","slug":"francis-fukuyama","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":28,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/francis-fukuyama\/"}],"country":[{"id":1360,"name":"China","slug":"china","taxonomy":"country","parent":0,"count":160,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/countries\/china\/"},{"id":1413,"name":"Japan","slug":"japan","taxonomy":"country","parent":0,"count":9,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/countries\/japan\/"},{"id":1486,"name":"Singapore","slug":"singapore","taxonomy":"country","parent":0,"count":17,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/countries\/singapore\/"},{"id":1492,"name":"South Korea","slug":"south-korea","taxonomy":"country","parent":0,"count":24,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/countries\/south-korea\/"},{"id":1501,"name":"Taiwan","slug":"taiwan","taxonomy":"country","parent":0,"count":32,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/countries\/taiwan\/"},{"id":1504,"name":"Thailand","slug":"thailand","taxonomy":"country","parent":0,"count":25,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/countries\/thailand\/"}],"issue":[{"id":1709,"name":"January 2012","slug":"january-2012","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":18,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/january-2012\/","volume":"23","issue":"1"}],"region":[{"id":1308,"name":"Asia","slug":"asia","taxonomy":"region","parent":0,"count":274,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/regions\/asia\/"}],"subject":[{"id":1538,"name":"Accountability","slug":"accountability","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":129,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/accountability\/"},{"id":1570,"name":"Authoritarianism","slug":"authoritarianism","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":306,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/authoritarianism\/"},{"id":1568,"name":"Rule of law","slug":"rule-of-law","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":106,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/rule-of-law\/"}]},"thumbnail":null},{"id":713,"ID":713,"post_type":"article","link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/articles\/corruption-in-india-an-enduring-threat\/","excerpt":"

Social activist Anna Hazare’s hunger strike has helped to turn the world’s attention to India’s rampant corruption.<\/p>\n","title":"Corruption in India: An Enduring Threat","newsdate":false,"supplements":[],"attachments":[],"uploads":[],"issue_gratis":false,"gratis_flag":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/themes\/jod\/assets\/img\/free.svg","issue":{"id":1709,"name":"January 2012","slug":"january-2012","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":18,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/january-2012\/","volume":"23","issue":"1"},"class":"post-713 article type-article status-publish hentry authors-sumit-ganguly country-india issue-january-2012 region-asia subject-accountability subject-civil-society subject-corruption subject-political-culture","terms":{"authors":[{"id":285,"name":"\u0160umit Ganguly","slug":"sumit-ganguly","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":20,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/sumit-ganguly\/"}],"country":[{"id":1405,"name":"India","slug":"india","taxonomy":"country","parent":0,"count":83,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/countries\/india\/"}],"issue":[{"id":1709,"name":"January 2012","slug":"january-2012","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":18,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/january-2012\/","volume":"23","issue":"1"}],"region":[{"id":1308,"name":"Asia","slug":"asia","taxonomy":"region","parent":0,"count":274,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/regions\/asia\/"}],"subject":[{"id":1538,"name":"Accountability","slug":"accountability","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":129,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/accountability\/"},{"id":1540,"name":"Civil society","slug":"civil-society","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":258,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/civil-society\/"},{"id":1544,"name":"Corruption","slug":"corruption","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":187,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/corruption\/"},{"id":1565,"name":"Political culture","slug":"political-culture","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":374,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/political-culture\/"}]},"thumbnail":null},{"id":715,"ID":715,"post_type":"article","link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/articles\/corruption-in-india-can-freedom-of-information-help\/","excerpt":"

India’s Right to Information Act discourages corruption by giving every citizen the right to access information from any public authority.<\/p>\n","title":"Corruption in India: Can the Right to Information Help?","newsdate":false,"supplements":[],"attachments":[],"uploads":[],"issue_gratis":false,"gratis_flag":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/themes\/jod\/assets\/img\/free.svg","issue":{"id":1709,"name":"January 2012","slug":"january-2012","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":18,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/january-2012\/","volume":"23","issue":"1"},"class":"post-715 article type-article status-publish hentry authors-prakash-sarangi country-india issue-january-2012 region-asia section-article subject-accountability subject-civil-society subject-corruption","terms":{"authors":[{"id":352,"name":"Prakash Sarangi","slug":"prakash-sarangi","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":1,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/prakash-sarangi\/"}],"country":[{"id":1405,"name":"India","slug":"india","taxonomy":"country","parent":0,"count":83,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/countries\/india\/"}],"issue":[{"id":1709,"name":"January 2012","slug":"january-2012","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":18,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/january-2012\/","volume":"23","issue":"1"}],"region":[{"id":1308,"name":"Asia","slug":"asia","taxonomy":"region","parent":0,"count":274,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/regions\/asia\/"}],"section":[{"id":1528,"name":"Article","slug":"article","taxonomy":"section","parent":0,"count":761,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/sections\/article\/"}],"subject":[{"id":1538,"name":"Accountability","slug":"accountability","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":129,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/accountability\/"},{"id":1540,"name":"Civil society","slug":"civil-society","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":258,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/civil-society\/"},{"id":1544,"name":"Corruption","slug":"corruption","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":187,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/corruption\/"}]},"thumbnail":null},{"id":559,"ID":559,"post_type":"article","link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/articles\/books-in-review-comparing-latin-democracies\/","excerpt":"

A review of The Quality of Democracy in Latin America,<\/em> edited by Daniel H. Levine and José E. Molina.<\/p>\n","title":"Comparing Latin Democracies","newsdate":false,"supplements":[],"attachments":[],"uploads":[],"issue_gratis":false,"gratis_flag":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/themes\/jod\/assets\/img\/free.svg","issue":{"id":1707,"name":"July 2011","slug":"july-2011","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":14,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/july-2011\/","volume":"22","issue":"3"},"class":"post-559 article type-article status-publish hentry authors-diego-abente-brun issue-july-2011 region-latin-america-and-the-caribbean section-books-in-review subject-accountability subject-defining-democracy","terms":{"authors":[{"id":281,"name":"Diego Abente-Brun","slug":"diego-abente-brun","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":4,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/diego-abente-brun\/"}],"issue":[{"id":1707,"name":"July 2011","slug":"july-2011","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":14,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/july-2011\/","volume":"22","issue":"3"}],"region":[{"id":1313,"name":"Latin America and the Caribbean","slug":"latin-america-and-the-caribbean","taxonomy":"region","parent":0,"count":311,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/regions\/latin-america-and-the-caribbean\/"}],"section":[{"id":1534,"name":"Books in Review","slug":"books-in-review","taxonomy":"section","parent":0,"count":167,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/sections\/books-in-review\/"}],"subject":[{"id":1538,"name":"Accountability","slug":"accountability","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":129,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/accountability\/"},{"id":1545,"name":"Defining democracy","slug":"defining-democracy","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":124,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/defining-democracy\/"}]},"thumbnail":null},{"id":835,"ID":835,"post_type":"article","link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/articles\/success-stories-from-emerging-africa\/","excerpt":"

A group of countries in sub-Saharan Africa are showing they can sustain economic growth, reduce poverty, and achieve better governance at the same time.<\/p>\n","title":"Success Stories from \u201cEmerging Africa\u201d","newsdate":false,"supplements":[],"attachments":[],"uploads":[],"issue_gratis":false,"gratis_flag":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/themes\/jod\/assets\/img\/free.svg","issue":{"id":1704,"name":"October 2010","slug":"october-2010","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":18,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/october-2010\/","volume":"21","issue":"4"},"class":"post-835 article type-article status-publish hentry authors-steven-radelet issue-october-2010 region-africa section-article subject-accountability subject-economic-development","terms":{"authors":[{"id":405,"name":"Steven Radelet","slug":"steven-radelet","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":2,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/steven-radelet\/"}],"issue":[{"id":1704,"name":"October 2010","slug":"october-2010","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":18,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/october-2010\/","volume":"21","issue":"4"}],"region":[{"id":1307,"name":"Africa","slug":"africa","taxonomy":"region","parent":0,"count":251,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/regions\/africa\/"}],"section":[{"id":1528,"name":"Article","slug":"article","taxonomy":"section","parent":0,"count":761,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/sections\/article\/"}],"subject":[{"id":1538,"name":"Accountability","slug":"accountability","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":129,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/accountability\/"},{"id":1549,"name":"Economic development","slug":"economic-development","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":172,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/economic-development\/"}]},"thumbnail":null},{"id":810,"ID":810,"post_type":"article","link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/articles\/ukraine-the-uses-of-divided-power\/","excerpt":"

The 2010 presidential election shows that Ukraine is both a surprisingly stable electoral democracy and a disturbingly corrupt one. The corruption, moreover, may have a lot to do with the stability.<\/p>\n","title":"Ukraine: The Uses of Divided Power","newsdate":false,"supplements":[],"attachments":[],"uploads":[],"issue_gratis":false,"gratis_flag":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/themes\/jod\/assets\/img\/free.svg","issue":{"id":1703,"name":"July 2010","slug":"july-2010","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":16,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/july-2010\/","volume":"21","issue":"3"},"class":"post-810 article type-article status-publish hentry authors-henry-e-hale country-ukraine issue-july-2010 region-central-and-eastern-europe section-article subject-accountability subject-constitutions subject-corruption subject-elections subject-political-parties subject-rule-of-law","terms":{"authors":[{"id":393,"name":"Henry E. Hale","slug":"henry-e-hale","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":2,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/henry-e-hale\/"}],"country":[{"id":1512,"name":"Ukraine","slug":"ukraine","taxonomy":"country","parent":0,"count":58,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/countries\/ukraine\/"}],"issue":[{"id":1703,"name":"July 2010","slug":"july-2010","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":16,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/july-2010\/","volume":"21","issue":"3"}],"region":[{"id":1310,"name":"Central and Eastern Europe","slug":"central-and-eastern-europe","taxonomy":"region","parent":0,"count":252,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/regions\/central-and-eastern-europe\/"}],"section":[{"id":1528,"name":"Article","slug":"article","taxonomy":"section","parent":0,"count":761,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/sections\/article\/"}],"subject":[{"id":1538,"name":"Accountability","slug":"accountability","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":129,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/accountability\/"},{"id":1543,"name":"Constitutions","slug":"constitutions","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":99,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/constitutions\/"},{"id":1544,"name":"Corruption","slug":"corruption","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":187,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/corruption\/"},{"id":1551,"name":"Elections","slug":"elections","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":508,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/elections\/"},{"id":1566,"name":"Political parties","slug":"political-parties","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":245,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/political-parties\/"},{"id":1568,"name":"Rule of law","slug":"rule-of-law","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":106,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/rule-of-law\/"}]},"thumbnail":null},{"id":786,"ID":786,"post_type":"article","link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/articles\/the-ballot-and-the-badge-democratic-policing\/","excerpt":"

In emerging democracies and postconflict countries, improved policing is almost always urgently required. Yet international-assistance efforts in this area pay almost no attention to the crucial need to ensure that the new-model police are not only effective, but democracy-friendly.<\/p>\n","title":"The Ballot and the Badge: Democratic Policing","newsdate":false,"supplements":[],"attachments":[],"uploads":[],"issue_gratis":false,"gratis_flag":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/themes\/jod\/assets\/img\/free.svg","issue":{"id":1702,"name":"April 2010","slug":"april-2010","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":14,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/april-2010\/","volume":"21","issue":"2"},"class":"post-786 article type-article status-publish hentry authors-jack-a-goldstone authors-michael-d-wiatrowski issue-april-2010 region-comparative-theoretical-general section-article subject-accountability subject-civil-society subject-corruption subject-crime-and-policing subject-democracy-promotion subject-human-rights subject-international-organizations subject-postconflict-societies","terms":{"authors":[{"id":380,"name":"Michael D. Wiatrowski","slug":"michael-d-wiatrowski","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":1,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/michael-d-wiatrowski\/"},{"id":381,"name":"Jack A. Goldstone","slug":"jack-a-goldstone","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":1,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/jack-a-goldstone\/"}],"issue":[{"id":1702,"name":"April 2010","slug":"april-2010","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":14,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/april-2010\/","volume":"21","issue":"2"}],"region":[{"id":1306,"name":"Comparative Theoretical General","slug":"comparative-theoretical-general","taxonomy":"region","parent":0,"count":492,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/regions\/comparative-theoretical-general\/"}],"section":[{"id":1528,"name":"Article","slug":"article","taxonomy":"section","parent":0,"count":761,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/sections\/article\/"}],"subject":[{"id":1538,"name":"Accountability","slug":"accountability","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":129,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/accountability\/"},{"id":1540,"name":"Civil society","slug":"civil-society","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":258,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/civil-society\/"},{"id":1544,"name":"Corruption","slug":"corruption","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":187,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/corruption\/"},{"id":1935,"name":"Crime and policing","slug":"crime-and-policing","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":16,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/crime-and-policing\/"},{"id":1546,"name":"Democracy promotion","slug":"democracy-promotion","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":149,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/democracy-promotion\/"},{"id":1557,"name":"Human rights","slug":"human-rights","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":77,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/human-rights\/"},{"id":1558,"name":"International organizations","slug":"international-organizations","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":63,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/international-organizations\/"},{"id":1931,"name":"Postconflict societies","slug":"postconflict-societies","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":14,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/postconflict-societies\/"}]},"thumbnail":null},{"id":605,"ID":605,"post_type":"article","link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/articles\/twenty-five-years-fifteen-findings\/","excerpt":"

A coauthor of the pathbreaking study Transitions from Authoritarian Rule<\/em> reflects on the lessons that he has learned about democratic transition and consolidation since the publication of this work nearly 25 years ago.<\/p>\n","title":"Twenty-Five Years, Fifteen Findings","newsdate":false,"supplements":[],"attachments":[],"uploads":[],"issue_gratis":false,"gratis_flag":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/themes\/jod\/assets\/img\/free.svg","issue":{"id":1701,"name":"January 2010","slug":"january-2010","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":21,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/january-2010\/","volume":"21","issue":"1"},"class":"post-605 article type-article status-publish hentry authors-philippe-c-schmitter issue-january-2010 region-comparative-theoretical-general section-article subject-accountability subject-civil-society subject-democratic-consolidation subject-democratic-transition subject-european-union subject-federalism subject-international-organizations subject-minorities subject-political-parties","terms":{"authors":[{"id":307,"name":"Philippe C. Schmitter","slug":"philippe-c-schmitter","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":10,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/philippe-c-schmitter\/"}],"issue":[{"id":1701,"name":"January 2010","slug":"january-2010","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":21,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/january-2010\/","volume":"21","issue":"1"}],"region":[{"id":1306,"name":"Comparative Theoretical General","slug":"comparative-theoretical-general","taxonomy":"region","parent":0,"count":492,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/regions\/comparative-theoretical-general\/"}],"section":[{"id":1528,"name":"Article","slug":"article","taxonomy":"section","parent":0,"count":761,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/sections\/article\/"}],"subject":[{"id":1538,"name":"Accountability","slug":"accountability","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":129,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/accountability\/"},{"id":1540,"name":"Civil society","slug":"civil-society","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":258,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/civil-society\/"},{"id":1547,"name":"Democratic consolidation","slug":"democratic-consolidation","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":243,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/democratic-consolidation\/"},{"id":1548,"name":"Democratic transition","slug":"democratic-transition","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":577,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/democratic-transition\/"},{"id":1553,"name":"European Union","slug":"european-union","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":63,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/european-union\/"},{"id":1554,"name":"Federalism","slug":"federalism","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":33,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/federalism\/"},{"id":1558,"name":"International organizations","slug":"international-organizations","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":63,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/international-organizations\/"},{"id":1562,"name":"Minorities","slug":"minorities","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":40,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/minorities\/"},{"id":1566,"name":"Political parties","slug":"political-parties","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":245,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/political-parties\/"}]},"thumbnail":null},{"id":757,"ID":757,"post_type":"article","link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/articles\/why-are-there-no-arab-democracies\/","excerpt":"

Democracy has held its own or gained ground in just about every part of the world except for the Arab Middle East. Why has this crucial region remained such infertile soil for democracy?<\/p>\n","title":"Why Are There No Arab Democracies?","newsdate":false,"supplements":[],"attachments":[{"title":"Diamond-21-1","link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/02\/Diamond-21-1.pdf","ext":"pdf","type":"application\/pdf"}],"uploads":[],"issue_gratis":true,"gratis_flag":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/themes\/jod\/assets\/img\/free.svg","issue":{"id":1701,"name":"January 2010","slug":"january-2010","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":21,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/january-2010\/","volume":"21","issue":"1"},"class":"post-757 article type-article status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry authors-larry-diamond issue-january-2010 region-middle-east-and-north-africa section-article subject-accountability subject-democratic-transition subject-economic-development subject-political-culture 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The central problems now blocking democracy in Georgia and other parts of the former USSR are: 1) the use of power in order to gain wealth; 2) the absence of the rule of law; and 3) the passivity of citizens.<\/p>\n","title":"Twenty Years of Postcommunism: Georgia’s Soviet Legacy","newsdate":false,"supplements":[],"attachments":[],"uploads":[],"issue_gratis":false,"gratis_flag":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/themes\/jod\/assets\/img\/free.svg","issue":{"id":1701,"name":"January 2010","slug":"january-2010","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":21,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/january-2010\/","volume":"21","issue":"1"},"class":"post-770 article type-article status-publish hentry authors-charles-h-fairbanks-jr country-georgia issue-january-2010 region-caucasus region-eurasia section-article subject-accountability subject-corruption subject-democratic-consolidation subject-rule-of-law","terms":{"authors":[{"id":374,"name":"Charles H. Fairbanks, Jr","slug":"charles-h-fairbanks-jr","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":13,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/charles-h-fairbanks-jr\/"}],"country":[{"id":1389,"name":"Georgia","slug":"georgia","taxonomy":"country","parent":0,"count":18,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/countries\/georgia\/"}],"issue":[{"id":1701,"name":"January 2010","slug":"january-2010","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":21,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/january-2010\/","volume":"21","issue":"1"}],"region":[{"id":1904,"name":"Caucasus","slug":"caucasus","taxonomy":"region","parent":0,"count":22,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/regions\/caucasus\/"},{"id":1309,"name":"Eurasia","slug":"eurasia","taxonomy":"region","parent":0,"count":210,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/regions\/eurasia\/"}],"section":[{"id":1528,"name":"Article","slug":"article","taxonomy":"section","parent":0,"count":761,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/sections\/article\/"}],"subject":[{"id":1538,"name":"Accountability","slug":"accountability","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":129,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/accountability\/"},{"id":1544,"name":"Corruption","slug":"corruption","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":187,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/corruption\/"},{"id":1547,"name":"Democratic consolidation","slug":"democratic-consolidation","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":243,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/democratic-consolidation\/"},{"id":1568,"name":"Rule of law","slug":"rule-of-law","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":106,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/rule-of-law\/"}]},"thumbnail":null},{"id":994,"ID":994,"post_type":"article","link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/articles\/poverty-inequality-and-democracy-ii-does-electoral-democracy-boost-economic-equality\/","excerpt":"

The recent global progress of democracy has been accompanied by increasing economic inequality. What are the implications for the quality of democracy and for its ability to endure?<\/p>\n","title":"Poverty, Inequality, and Democracy (II): Does Electoral Democracy Boost Economic Equality?","newsdate":false,"supplements":[],"attachments":[],"uploads":[],"issue_gratis":false,"gratis_flag":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/themes\/jod\/assets\/img\/free.svg","issue":{"id":1700,"name":"October 2009","slug":"october-2009","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":17,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/october-2009\/","volume":"20","issue":"4"},"class":"post-994 article type-article status-publish hentry authors-nancy-bermeo issue-october-2009 region-comparative-theoretical-general section-article subject-accountability subject-defining-democracy subject-democratic-consolidation subject-economic-development subject-economic-inequality","terms":{"authors":[{"id":465,"name":"Nancy Bermeo","slug":"nancy-bermeo","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":5,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/nancy-bermeo\/"}],"issue":[{"id":1700,"name":"October 2009","slug":"october-2009","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":17,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/october-2009\/","volume":"20","issue":"4"}],"region":[{"id":1306,"name":"Comparative Theoretical General","slug":"comparative-theoretical-general","taxonomy":"region","parent":0,"count":492,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/regions\/comparative-theoretical-general\/"}],"section":[{"id":1528,"name":"Article","slug":"article","taxonomy":"section","parent":0,"count":761,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/sections\/article\/"}],"subject":[{"id":1538,"name":"Accountability","slug":"accountability","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":129,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/accountability\/"},{"id":1545,"name":"Defining democracy","slug":"defining-democracy","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":124,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/defining-democracy\/"},{"id":1547,"name":"Democratic consolidation","slug":"democratic-consolidation","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":243,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/democratic-consolidation\/"},{"id":1549,"name":"Economic development","slug":"economic-development","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":172,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/economic-development\/"},{"id":1928,"name":"Economic inequality","slug":"economic-inequality","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":28,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/economic-inequality\/"}]},"thumbnail":null},{"id":1004,"ID":1004,"post_type":"article","link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/articles\/indias-2009-elections-the-problem-of-corruption\/","excerpt":"

Democracy in India remains robust, but the scope and intensity of the corruption that pervades the political system are steadily eroding public trust.<\/p>\n","title":"India\u2019s 2009 Elections: The Problem of Corruption","newsdate":false,"supplements":[],"attachments":[],"uploads":[],"issue_gratis":false,"gratis_flag":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/themes\/jod\/assets\/img\/free.svg","issue":{"id":1700,"name":"October 2009","slug":"october-2009","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":17,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/october-2009\/","volume":"20","issue":"4"},"class":"post-1004 article type-article status-publish hentry authors-ronojoy-sen country-india issue-october-2009 region-asia section-article subject-accountability subject-corruption subject-elections subject-political-culture","terms":{"authors":[{"id":472,"name":"Ronojoy Sen","slug":"ronojoy-sen","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":2,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/ronojoy-sen\/"}],"country":[{"id":1405,"name":"India","slug":"india","taxonomy":"country","parent":0,"count":83,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/countries\/india\/"}],"issue":[{"id":1700,"name":"October 2009","slug":"october-2009","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":17,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/october-2009\/","volume":"20","issue":"4"}],"region":[{"id":1308,"name":"Asia","slug":"asia","taxonomy":"region","parent":0,"count":274,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/regions\/asia\/"}],"section":[{"id":1528,"name":"Article","slug":"article","taxonomy":"section","parent":0,"count":761,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/sections\/article\/"}],"subject":[{"id":1538,"name":"Accountability","slug":"accountability","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":129,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/accountability\/"},{"id":1544,"name":"Corruption","slug":"corruption","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":187,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/corruption\/"},{"id":1551,"name":"Elections","slug":"elections","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":508,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/elections\/"},{"id":1565,"name":"Political culture","slug":"political-culture","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":374,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/political-culture\/"}]},"thumbnail":null},{"id":1006,"ID":1006,"post_type":"article","link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/articles\/a-new-approach-to-postwar-reconstruction\/","excerpt":"

As countries emerge from war and embark on recovery, the risk of corruption is high and the consequences are dire. International aid must be accompanied by an anticorruption strategy that incorporates community-driven accountability.<\/p>\n","title":"A New Approach to Postwar Reconstruction","newsdate":false,"supplements":[],"attachments":[],"uploads":[],"issue_gratis":false,"gratis_flag":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/themes\/jod\/assets\/img\/free.svg","issue":{"id":1700,"name":"October 2009","slug":"october-2009","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":17,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/october-2009\/","volume":"20","issue":"4"},"class":"post-1006 article type-article status-publish hentry authors-fredrik-galtung authors-martin-tisne issue-october-2009 region-comparative-theoretical-general section-article subject-accountability subject-civil-society subject-corruption subject-democratic-transition subject-postconflict-societies","terms":{"authors":[{"id":473,"name":"Fredrik Galtung","slug":"fredrik-galtung","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":1,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/fredrik-galtung\/"},{"id":474,"name":"Martin Tisn\u00e9","slug":"martin-tisne","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":1,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/martin-tisne\/"}],"issue":[{"id":1700,"name":"October 2009","slug":"october-2009","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":17,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/october-2009\/","volume":"20","issue":"4"}],"region":[{"id":1306,"name":"Comparative Theoretical General","slug":"comparative-theoretical-general","taxonomy":"region","parent":0,"count":492,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/regions\/comparative-theoretical-general\/"}],"section":[{"id":1528,"name":"Article","slug":"article","taxonomy":"section","parent":0,"count":761,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/sections\/article\/"}],"subject":[{"id":1538,"name":"Accountability","slug":"accountability","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":129,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/accountability\/"},{"id":1540,"name":"Civil society","slug":"civil-society","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":258,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/civil-society\/"},{"id":1544,"name":"Corruption","slug":"corruption","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":187,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/corruption\/"},{"id":1548,"name":"Democratic transition","slug":"democratic-transition","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":577,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/democratic-transition\/"},{"id":1931,"name":"Postconflict societies","slug":"postconflict-societies","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":14,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/postconflict-societies\/"}]},"thumbnail":null},{"id":951,"ID":951,"post_type":"article","link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/articles\/china-since-tiananmen-middle-class-mobilization\/","excerpt":"

Read the full essay here<\/a>. Some of the many China stories to attract attention recently have involved NIMBY (Not in My Backyard) protests by largely middle class crowds gathering to demand a greater say in urban development plans. This article argues that such protests a) are a significant addition to the already complex landscape of…<\/p>\n","title":"China Since Tiananmen: Middle-Class Mobilization","newsdate":false,"supplements":[],"attachments":[],"uploads":[],"issue_gratis":false,"gratis_flag":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/themes\/jod\/assets\/img\/free.svg","issue":{"id":1699,"name":"July 2009","slug":"july-2009","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":21,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/july-2009\/","volume":"20","issue":"3"},"class":"post-951 article type-article status-publish hentry authors-jeffrey-n-wasserstrom country-china issue-july-2009 region-asia section-article subject-accountability subject-civil-society subject-communism subject-economic-development subject-political-culture subject-protests","terms":{"authors":[{"id":446,"name":"Jeffrey N. Wasserstrom","slug":"jeffrey-n-wasserstrom","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":3,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/jeffrey-n-wasserstrom\/"}],"country":[{"id":1360,"name":"China","slug":"china","taxonomy":"country","parent":0,"count":160,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/countries\/china\/"}],"issue":[{"id":1699,"name":"July 2009","slug":"july-2009","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":21,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/july-2009\/","volume":"20","issue":"3"}],"region":[{"id":1308,"name":"Asia","slug":"asia","taxonomy":"region","parent":0,"count":274,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/regions\/asia\/"}],"section":[{"id":1528,"name":"Article","slug":"article","taxonomy":"section","parent":0,"count":761,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/sections\/article\/"}],"subject":[{"id":1538,"name":"Accountability","slug":"accountability","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":129,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/accountability\/"},{"id":1540,"name":"Civil society","slug":"civil-society","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":258,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/civil-society\/"},{"id":1542,"name":"Communism","slug":"communism","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":135,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/communism\/"},{"id":1549,"name":"Economic development","slug":"economic-development","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":172,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/economic-development\/"},{"id":1565,"name":"Political culture","slug":"political-culture","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":374,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/political-culture\/"},{"id":1911,"name":"Protests","slug":"protests","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":78,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/protests\/"}]},"thumbnail":null},{"id":955,"ID":955,"post_type":"article","link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/articles\/china-since-tiananmen-authoritarian-impermanence\/","excerpt":"

Like all contemporary nondemocratic systems, the Chinese system suffers from weak legitimacy at the level of regime type. The most likely form of transition for China remains the model of Tiananmen, when three elements came together: a robust plurality of disaffected citizens, a catalytic event, and a split in the leadership. Had China chosen the…<\/p>\n","title":"China Since Tiananmen: Authoritarian Impermanence","newsdate":false,"supplements":[],"attachments":[{"title":"Nathan-20-3","link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/03\/Nathan-20-3.pdf","ext":"pdf","type":"application\/pdf"}],"uploads":[],"issue_gratis":true,"gratis_flag":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/themes\/jod\/assets\/img\/free.svg","issue":{"id":1699,"name":"July 2009","slug":"july-2009","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":21,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/july-2009\/","volume":"20","issue":"3"},"class":"post-955 article type-article status-publish hentry authors-andrew-j-nathan country-china issue-july-2009 region-asia section-article subject-accountability subject-communism subject-democratic-transition subject-liberalism subject-political-culture","terms":{"authors":[{"id":448,"name":"Andrew J. Nathan","slug":"andrew-j-nathan","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":11,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/andrew-j-nathan\/"}],"country":[{"id":1360,"name":"China","slug":"china","taxonomy":"country","parent":0,"count":160,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/countries\/china\/"}],"issue":[{"id":1699,"name":"July 2009","slug":"july-2009","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":21,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/july-2009\/","volume":"20","issue":"3"}],"region":[{"id":1308,"name":"Asia","slug":"asia","taxonomy":"region","parent":0,"count":274,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/regions\/asia\/"}],"section":[{"id":1528,"name":"Article","slug":"article","taxonomy":"section","parent":0,"count":761,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/sections\/article\/"}],"subject":[{"id":1538,"name":"Accountability","slug":"accountability","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":129,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/accountability\/"},{"id":1542,"name":"Communism","slug":"communism","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":135,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/communism\/"},{"id":1548,"name":"Democratic transition","slug":"democratic-transition","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":577,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/democratic-transition\/"},{"id":1560,"name":"Liberalism","slug":"liberalism","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":99,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/liberalism\/"},{"id":1565,"name":"Political culture","slug":"political-culture","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":374,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/political-culture\/"}]},"thumbnail":null},{"id":969,"ID":969,"post_type":"article","link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/articles\/democratization-by-elections-opposition-weakness-in-africa\/","excerpt":"

Due to weak opposition parties and presidential dominance, many African countries have not reaped the full benefits of regularly held elections.<\/p>\n","title":"Democratization by Elections? Opposition Weakness in Africa","newsdate":false,"supplements":[],"attachments":[],"uploads":[],"issue_gratis":false,"gratis_flag":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/themes\/jod\/assets\/img\/free.svg","issue":{"id":1699,"name":"July 2009","slug":"july-2009","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":21,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/july-2009\/","volume":"20","issue":"3"},"class":"post-969 article type-article status-publish hentry authors-lise-rakner authors-nicolas-van-de-walle issue-july-2009 region-africa section-article subject-accountability subject-democratic-consolidation subject-democratic-transition subject-elections subject-political-culture subject-political-parties","terms":{"authors":[{"id":455,"name":"Lise Rakner","slug":"lise-rakner","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":1,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/lise-rakner\/"},{"id":355,"name":"Nicolas van de Walle","slug":"nicolas-van-de-walle","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":4,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/nicolas-van-de-walle\/"}],"issue":[{"id":1699,"name":"July 2009","slug":"july-2009","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":21,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/july-2009\/","volume":"20","issue":"3"}],"region":[{"id":1307,"name":"Africa","slug":"africa","taxonomy":"region","parent":0,"count":251,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/regions\/africa\/"}],"section":[{"id":1528,"name":"Article","slug":"article","taxonomy":"section","parent":0,"count":761,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/sections\/article\/"}],"subject":[{"id":1538,"name":"Accountability","slug":"accountability","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":129,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/accountability\/"},{"id":1547,"name":"Democratic consolidation","slug":"democratic-consolidation","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":243,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/democratic-consolidation\/"},{"id":1548,"name":"Democratic transition","slug":"democratic-transition","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":577,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/democratic-transition\/"},{"id":1551,"name":"Elections","slug":"elections","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":508,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/elections\/"},{"id":1565,"name":"Political culture","slug":"political-culture","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":374,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/political-culture\/"},{"id":1566,"name":"Political parties","slug":"political-parties","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":245,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/political-parties\/"}]},"thumbnail":null},{"id":977,"ID":977,"post_type":"article","link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/articles\/nicaragua-progress-amid-regress\/","excerpt":"

Despite increasing authoritarian tendencies at the national level, there are signs that Nicaragua has been making democratic advances at the local level.<\/p>\n","title":"Nicaragua: Progress amid Regress?","newsdate":false,"supplements":[],"attachments":[],"uploads":[],"issue_gratis":false,"gratis_flag":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/themes\/jod\/assets\/img\/free.svg","issue":{"id":1699,"name":"July 2009","slug":"july-2009","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":21,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/july-2009\/","volume":"20","issue":"3"},"class":"post-977 article type-article status-publish hentry authors-lawrence-c-dodd authors-leslie-anderson country-nicaragua issue-july-2009 region-latin-america-and-the-caribbean section-article subject-accountability subject-elections subject-political-culture subject-political-parties","terms":{"authors":[{"id":790,"name":"Leslie E. Anderson","slug":"leslie-anderson","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":2,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/leslie-anderson\/"},{"id":459,"name":"Lawrence C. Dodd","slug":"lawrence-c-dodd","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":2,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/lawrence-c-dodd\/"}],"country":[{"id":1457,"name":"Nicaragua","slug":"nicaragua","taxonomy":"country","parent":0,"count":16,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/countries\/nicaragua\/"}],"issue":[{"id":1699,"name":"July 2009","slug":"july-2009","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":21,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/july-2009\/","volume":"20","issue":"3"}],"region":[{"id":1313,"name":"Latin America and the Caribbean","slug":"latin-america-and-the-caribbean","taxonomy":"region","parent":0,"count":311,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/regions\/latin-america-and-the-caribbean\/"}],"section":[{"id":1528,"name":"Article","slug":"article","taxonomy":"section","parent":0,"count":761,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/sections\/article\/"}],"subject":[{"id":1538,"name":"Accountability","slug":"accountability","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":129,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/accountability\/"},{"id":1551,"name":"Elections","slug":"elections","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":508,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/elections\/"},{"id":1565,"name":"Political culture","slug":"political-culture","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":374,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/political-culture\/"},{"id":1566,"name":"Political parties","slug":"political-parties","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":245,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/political-parties\/"}]},"thumbnail":null},{"id":898,"ID":898,"post_type":"article","link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/articles\/singapore-does-authoritarianism-pay\/","excerpt":"

The same policies that fostered decades of prosperity in Singapore have also led to longer-term economic ills that might have been averted in a freer society.<\/p>\n","title":"Singapore: Does Authoritarianism Pay?","newsdate":false,"supplements":[],"attachments":[],"uploads":[],"issue_gratis":false,"gratis_flag":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/themes\/jod\/assets\/img\/free.svg","issue":{"id":1698,"name":"April 2009","slug":"april-2009","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":21,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/april-2009\/","volume":"20","issue":"2"},"class":"post-898 article type-article status-publish hentry authors-marco-verweij authors-riccardo-pelizzo country-singapore issue-april-2009 region-asia section-article subject-accountability subject-authoritarianism subject-economic-development","terms":{"authors":[{"id":429,"name":"Marco Verweij","slug":"marco-verweij","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":1,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/marco-verweij\/"},{"id":430,"name":"Riccardo Pelizzo","slug":"riccardo-pelizzo","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":1,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/riccardo-pelizzo\/"}],"country":[{"id":1486,"name":"Singapore","slug":"singapore","taxonomy":"country","parent":0,"count":17,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/countries\/singapore\/"}],"issue":[{"id":1698,"name":"April 2009","slug":"april-2009","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":21,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/april-2009\/","volume":"20","issue":"2"}],"region":[{"id":1308,"name":"Asia","slug":"asia","taxonomy":"region","parent":0,"count":274,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/regions\/asia\/"}],"section":[{"id":1528,"name":"Article","slug":"article","taxonomy":"section","parent":0,"count":761,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/sections\/article\/"}],"subject":[{"id":1538,"name":"Accountability","slug":"accountability","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":129,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/accountability\/"},{"id":1570,"name":"Authoritarianism","slug":"authoritarianism","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":306,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/authoritarianism\/"},{"id":1549,"name":"Economic development","slug":"economic-development","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":172,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/economic-development\/"}]},"thumbnail":null},{"id":902,"ID":902,"post_type":"article","link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/articles\/reading-russia-its-no-mystery\/","excerpt":"

A fan of Mario Puzo\u2019s Godfather novels will see the Putin government for what it is: a mafia.<\/p>\n","title":"Reading Russia: It’s No Mystery","newsdate":false,"supplements":[],"attachments":[],"uploads":[],"issue_gratis":false,"gratis_flag":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/themes\/jod\/assets\/img\/free.svg","issue":{"id":1698,"name":"April 2009","slug":"april-2009","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":21,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/april-2009\/","volume":"20","issue":"2"},"class":"post-902 article type-article status-publish hentry authors-garry-kasparov country-russia issue-april-2009 region-eurasia section-article subject-accountability subject-corruption","terms":{"authors":[{"id":431,"name":"Garry Kasparov","slug":"garry-kasparov","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":2,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/garry-kasparov\/"}],"country":[{"id":1475,"name":"Russia","slug":"russia","taxonomy":"country","parent":0,"count":174,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/countries\/russia\/"}],"issue":[{"id":1698,"name":"April 2009","slug":"april-2009","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":21,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/april-2009\/","volume":"20","issue":"2"}],"region":[{"id":1309,"name":"Eurasia","slug":"eurasia","taxonomy":"region","parent":0,"count":210,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/regions\/eurasia\/"}],"section":[{"id":1528,"name":"Article","slug":"article","taxonomy":"section","parent":0,"count":761,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/sections\/article\/"}],"subject":[{"id":1538,"name":"Accountability","slug":"accountability","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":129,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/accountability\/"},{"id":1544,"name":"Corruption","slug":"corruption","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":187,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/corruption\/"}]},"thumbnail":null},{"id":904,"ID":904,"post_type":"article","link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/articles\/reading-russia-tools-of-autocracy\/","excerpt":"

Read the full essay here<\/a>. Arguably a flawed democracy in the 1990s, Russia took a distinctly authoritarian turn under President Vladimir Putin from 2000 to 2008. The country now lives under a fa\u00e7ade democracy that barely conceals the political and administrative dominance of a self-interested bureaucratic corporation. The regime manufactures consent by means of three…<\/p>\n","title":"Reading Russia: Tools of Autocracy","newsdate":false,"supplements":[],"attachments":[],"uploads":[],"issue_gratis":false,"gratis_flag":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/themes\/jod\/assets\/img\/free.svg","issue":{"id":1698,"name":"April 2009","slug":"april-2009","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":21,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/april-2009\/","volume":"20","issue":"2"},"class":"post-904 article type-article status-publish hentry authors-vitali-silitski country-russia issue-april-2009 region-eurasia section-article subject-accountability subject-authoritarianism subject-corruption subject-defining-democracy subject-rule-of-law","terms":{"authors":[{"id":423,"name":"Vitali Silitski","slug":"vitali-silitski","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":5,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/vitali-silitski\/"}],"country":[{"id":1475,"name":"Russia","slug":"russia","taxonomy":"country","parent":0,"count":174,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/countries\/russia\/"}],"issue":[{"id":1698,"name":"April 2009","slug":"april-2009","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":21,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/april-2009\/","volume":"20","issue":"2"}],"region":[{"id":1309,"name":"Eurasia","slug":"eurasia","taxonomy":"region","parent":0,"count":210,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/regions\/eurasia\/"}],"section":[{"id":1528,"name":"Article","slug":"article","taxonomy":"section","parent":0,"count":761,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/sections\/article\/"}],"subject":[{"id":1538,"name":"Accountability","slug":"accountability","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":129,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/accountability\/"},{"id":1570,"name":"Authoritarianism","slug":"authoritarianism","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":306,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/authoritarianism\/"},{"id":1544,"name":"Corruption","slug":"corruption","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":187,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/corruption\/"},{"id":1545,"name":"Defining democracy","slug":"defining-democracy","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":124,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/defining-democracy\/"},{"id":1568,"name":"Rule of law","slug":"rule-of-law","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":106,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/rule-of-law\/"}]},"thumbnail":null},{"id":906,"ID":906,"post_type":"article","link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/articles\/reading-russia-forms-without-substance\/","excerpt":"

Read the full essay here<\/a>. Twenty years ago, there was a more thoroughgoing political pluralism in Russia than there is today. In some respects, the forms of democracy-including party consolidation-have been enhanced, but they have been so manipulated as to deprive them of substance. Either “electoral authoritarianism” of “multiparty authoritarianism” (Juan Linz’s terms) may reasonably…<\/p>\n","title":"Reading Russia: Forms Without Substance","newsdate":false,"supplements":[],"attachments":[],"uploads":[],"issue_gratis":false,"gratis_flag":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/themes\/jod\/assets\/img\/free.svg","issue":{"id":1698,"name":"April 2009","slug":"april-2009","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":21,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/april-2009\/","volume":"20","issue":"2"},"class":"post-906 article type-article status-publish hentry authors-archie-brown country-russia issue-april-2009 region-eurasia section-article subject-accountability subject-authoritarianism subject-media subject-political-culture subject-rule-of-law","terms":{"authors":[{"id":432,"name":"Archie Brown","slug":"archie-brown","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":2,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/archie-brown\/"}],"country":[{"id":1475,"name":"Russia","slug":"russia","taxonomy":"country","parent":0,"count":174,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/countries\/russia\/"}],"issue":[{"id":1698,"name":"April 2009","slug":"april-2009","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":21,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/april-2009\/","volume":"20","issue":"2"}],"region":[{"id":1309,"name":"Eurasia","slug":"eurasia","taxonomy":"region","parent":0,"count":210,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/regions\/eurasia\/"}],"section":[{"id":1528,"name":"Article","slug":"article","taxonomy":"section","parent":0,"count":761,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/sections\/article\/"}],"subject":[{"id":1538,"name":"Accountability","slug":"accountability","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":129,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/accountability\/"},{"id":1570,"name":"Authoritarianism","slug":"authoritarianism","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":306,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/authoritarianism\/"},{"id":1561,"name":"Media","slug":"media","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":60,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/media\/"},{"id":1565,"name":"Political culture","slug":"political-culture","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":374,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/political-culture\/"},{"id":1568,"name":"Rule of law","slug":"rule-of-law","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":106,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/rule-of-law\/"}]},"thumbnail":null},{"id":914,"ID":914,"post_type":"article","link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/articles\/reading-russia-the-merger-of-power-and-property\/","excerpt":"

Read the full essay here<\/a>. The regime in Moscow mixes key features of a capitalist economy with a political system wherein power is monopolized by a close-knit professional and age cohort whose members often have a background in the secret police. Instead of seeking to base its legitimacy on broad-based, transpersonal institutions with character and…<\/p>\n","title":"Reading Russia: The Merger of Power and Property","newsdate":false,"supplements":[],"attachments":[],"uploads":[],"issue_gratis":false,"gratis_flag":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/themes\/jod\/assets\/img\/free.svg","issue":{"id":1698,"name":"April 2009","slug":"april-2009","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":21,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/april-2009\/","volume":"20","issue":"2"},"class":"post-914 article type-article status-publish hentry authors-leon-aron country-russia issue-april-2009 region-eurasia section-article subject-accountability subject-capitalism subject-corruption","terms":{"authors":[{"id":435,"name":"Leon Aron","slug":"leon-aron","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":6,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/leon-aron\/"}],"country":[{"id":1475,"name":"Russia","slug":"russia","taxonomy":"country","parent":0,"count":174,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/countries\/russia\/"}],"issue":[{"id":1698,"name":"April 2009","slug":"april-2009","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":21,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/april-2009\/","volume":"20","issue":"2"}],"region":[{"id":1309,"name":"Eurasia","slug":"eurasia","taxonomy":"region","parent":0,"count":210,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/regions\/eurasia\/"}],"section":[{"id":1528,"name":"Article","slug":"article","taxonomy":"section","parent":0,"count":761,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/sections\/article\/"}],"subject":[{"id":1538,"name":"Accountability","slug":"accountability","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":129,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/accountability\/"},{"id":1539,"name":"Capitalism","slug":"capitalism","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":51,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/capitalism\/"},{"id":1544,"name":"Corruption","slug":"corruption","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":187,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/corruption\/"}]},"thumbnail":null},{"id":916,"ID":916,"post_type":"article","link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/articles\/reading-russia-the-siloviki-in-charge\/","excerpt":"

Since Vladimir Putin’s rise to power at the end of the 1990s, siloviki\u2014the people who work for, or used to work for, Russia\u2019s \u201cministries of force\u201d have spread to posts throughout all the branches of power in Russia.<\/p>\n","title":"Reading Russia: The Siloviki<\/em> in Charge","newsdate":false,"supplements":[],"attachments":[{"title":"Illarionov-20-2","link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/03\/Illarionov-20-2.pdf","ext":"pdf","type":"application\/pdf"}],"uploads":[],"issue_gratis":true,"gratis_flag":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/themes\/jod\/assets\/img\/free.svg","issue":{"id":1698,"name":"April 2009","slug":"april-2009","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":21,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/april-2009\/","volume":"20","issue":"2"},"class":"post-916 article type-article status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry authors-andrei-illiarionov country-russia issue-april-2009 region-eurasia 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Will Hugo Chávez’s victory in the 15 February 2009 vote to end term limits enable him to drive Venezuela toward “Bolivarian socialism”? There are reasons to doubt this, but for now democracy’s prospects do not look encouraging.<\/p>\n","title":"Hugo Ch\u00e1vez’s “Petro-Socialism”","newsdate":false,"supplements":[],"attachments":[],"uploads":[],"issue_gratis":false,"gratis_flag":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/themes\/jod\/assets\/img\/free.svg","issue":{"id":1698,"name":"April 2009","slug":"april-2009","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":21,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/april-2009\/","volume":"20","issue":"2"},"class":"post-922 article type-article status-publish hentry authors-manuel-hidalgo country-venezuela issue-april-2009 region-latin-america-and-the-caribbean section-article subject-accountability subject-corruption subject-elections subject-federalism subject-referendums subject-rule-of-law","terms":{"authors":[{"id":436,"name":"Manuel Hidalgo","slug":"manuel-hidalgo","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":2,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/manuel-hidalgo\/"}],"country":[{"id":1519,"name":"Venezuela","slug":"venezuela","taxonomy":"country","parent":0,"count":49,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/countries\/venezuela\/"}],"issue":[{"id":1698,"name":"April 2009","slug":"april-2009","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":21,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/april-2009\/","volume":"20","issue":"2"}],"region":[{"id":1313,"name":"Latin America and the Caribbean","slug":"latin-america-and-the-caribbean","taxonomy":"region","parent":0,"count":311,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/regions\/latin-america-and-the-caribbean\/"}],"section":[{"id":1528,"name":"Article","slug":"article","taxonomy":"section","parent":0,"count":761,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/sections\/article\/"}],"subject":[{"id":1538,"name":"Accountability","slug":"accountability","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":129,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/accountability\/"},{"id":1544,"name":"Corruption","slug":"corruption","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":187,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/corruption\/"},{"id":1551,"name":"Elections","slug":"elections","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":508,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/elections\/"},{"id":1554,"name":"Federalism","slug":"federalism","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":33,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/federalism\/"},{"id":1899,"name":"Referendums","slug":"referendums","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":14,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/referendums\/"},{"id":1568,"name":"Rule of law","slug":"rule-of-law","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":106,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/rule-of-law\/"}]},"thumbnail":null},{"id":887,"ID":887,"post_type":"article","link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/articles\/the-curious-case-of-finlands-clean-politics\/","excerpt":"

The case of Finland challenges conventional thinking on clean politics. Can it serve as a model for its more corrupt counterparts?<\/p>\n","title":"The Curious Case of Finland’s Clean Politics","newsdate":false,"supplements":[],"attachments":[],"uploads":[],"issue_gratis":false,"gratis_flag":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/themes\/jod\/assets\/img\/free.svg","issue":{"id":1697,"name":"January 2009","slug":"january-2009","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":18,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/january-2009\/","volume":"20","issue":"1"},"class":"post-887 article type-article status-publish hentry authors-darren-c-zook country-finland issue-january-2009 region-advanced-democracies section-article subject-accountability subject-civil-society subject-corruption subject-governance subject-political-culture","terms":{"authors":[{"id":426,"name":"Darren C. Zook","slug":"darren-c-zook","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":1,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/darren-c-zook\/"}],"country":[{"id":1384,"name":"Finland","slug":"finland","taxonomy":"country","parent":0,"count":2,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/countries\/finland\/"}],"issue":[{"id":1697,"name":"January 2009","slug":"january-2009","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":18,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/january-2009\/","volume":"20","issue":"1"}],"region":[{"id":1305,"name":"Advanced Democracies","slug":"advanced-democracies","taxonomy":"region","parent":0,"count":99,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/regions\/advanced-democracies\/"}],"section":[{"id":1528,"name":"Article","slug":"article","taxonomy":"section","parent":0,"count":761,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/sections\/article\/"}],"subject":[{"id":1538,"name":"Accountability","slug":"accountability","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":129,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/accountability\/"},{"id":1540,"name":"Civil society","slug":"civil-society","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":258,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/civil-society\/"},{"id":1544,"name":"Corruption","slug":"corruption","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":187,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/corruption\/"},{"id":1890,"name":"Governance","slug":"governance","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":97,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/governance\/"},{"id":1565,"name":"Political culture","slug":"political-culture","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":374,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/political-culture\/"}]},"thumbnail":null},{"id":1028,"ID":1028,"post_type":"article","link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/articles\/pakistan-after-musharraf-praetorianism-and-terrorism\/","excerpt":"

The military is currently showing signs of wanting to back away from overt political involvement, but this should not be confused with a rejection of praetorianism or an acceptance of the principle of civilian supremacy.<\/p>\n","title":"Pakistan After Musharraf: Praetorianism and Terrorism","newsdate":false,"supplements":[],"attachments":[],"uploads":[],"issue_gratis":false,"gratis_flag":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/themes\/jod\/assets\/img\/free.svg","issue":{"id":1696,"name":"October 2008","slug":"october-2008","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":18,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/october-2008\/","volume":"19","issue":"4"},"class":"post-1028 article type-article status-publish hentry authors-aqil-shah country-pakistan issue-october-2008 region-asia section-article subject-accountability subject-civil-military-relations subject-rule-of-law subject-terrorism","terms":{"authors":[{"id":482,"name":"Aqil Shah","slug":"aqil-shah","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":6,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/aqil-shah\/"}],"country":[{"id":1463,"name":"Pakistan","slug":"pakistan","taxonomy":"country","parent":0,"count":28,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/countries\/pakistan\/"}],"issue":[{"id":1696,"name":"October 2008","slug":"october-2008","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":18,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/october-2008\/","volume":"19","issue":"4"}],"region":[{"id":1308,"name":"Asia","slug":"asia","taxonomy":"region","parent":0,"count":274,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/regions\/asia\/"}],"section":[{"id":1528,"name":"Article","slug":"article","taxonomy":"section","parent":0,"count":761,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/sections\/article\/"}],"subject":[{"id":1538,"name":"Accountability","slug":"accountability","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":129,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/accountability\/"},{"id":1541,"name":"Civil-military relations","slug":"civil-military-relations","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":126,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/civil-military-relations\/"},{"id":1568,"name":"Rule of law","slug":"rule-of-law","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":106,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/rule-of-law\/"},{"id":1908,"name":"Terrorism","slug":"terrorism","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":8,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/terrorism\/"}]},"thumbnail":null},{"id":1324,"ID":1324,"post_type":"article","link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/articles\/the-crisis-in-kenya\/","excerpt":"

For years Kenya was regarded as one of Africa’s sturdiest democracies. The fraudulent 2007 presidential election, however, exposed the fragility of Kenya’s democratic framework.<\/p>\n","title":"The Crisis in Kenya","newsdate":false,"supplements":[],"attachments":[],"uploads":[],"issue_gratis":false,"gratis_flag":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/themes\/jod\/assets\/img\/free.svg","issue":{"id":1695,"name":"July 2008","slug":"july-2008","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":21,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/july-2008\/","volume":"19","issue":"3"},"class":"post-1324 article type-article status-publish hentry authors-maina-kiai country-kenya issue-july-2008 region-africa section-article subject-accountability subject-corruption subject-democratic-transition subject-elections subject-electoral-systems subject-political-culture","terms":{"authors":[{"id":571,"name":"Maina Kiai","slug":"maina-kiai","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":1,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/maina-kiai\/"}],"country":[{"id":1416,"name":"Kenya","slug":"kenya","taxonomy":"country","parent":0,"count":16,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/countries\/kenya\/"}],"issue":[{"id":1695,"name":"July 2008","slug":"july-2008","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":21,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/july-2008\/","volume":"19","issue":"3"}],"region":[{"id":1307,"name":"Africa","slug":"africa","taxonomy":"region","parent":0,"count":251,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/regions\/africa\/"}],"section":[{"id":1528,"name":"Article","slug":"article","taxonomy":"section","parent":0,"count":761,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/sections\/article\/"}],"subject":[{"id":1538,"name":"Accountability","slug":"accountability","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":129,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/accountability\/"},{"id":1544,"name":"Corruption","slug":"corruption","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":187,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/corruption\/"},{"id":1548,"name":"Democratic transition","slug":"democratic-transition","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":577,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/democratic-transition\/"},{"id":1551,"name":"Elections","slug":"elections","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":508,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/elections\/"},{"id":1573,"name":"Electoral systems","slug":"electoral-systems","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":64,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/electoral-systems\/"},{"id":1565,"name":"Political culture","slug":"political-culture","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":374,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/political-culture\/"}]},"thumbnail":null},{"id":1161,"ID":1161,"post_type":"article","link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/articles\/ecuador-correas-plebiscitary-presidency\/","excerpt":"

Long an extreme case of institutionalized instability, Ecuador now has a dynamic young president who is determined to remake its constitution, and eventually its society, in the name of "twenty-first-century socialism."<\/p>\n","title":"Ecuador: Correa’s Plebiscitary Presidency","newsdate":false,"supplements":[],"attachments":[],"uploads":[],"issue_gratis":false,"gratis_flag":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/themes\/jod\/assets\/img\/free.svg","issue":{"id":1694,"name":"April 2008","slug":"april-2008","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":16,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/april-2008\/","volume":"19","issue":"2"},"class":"post-1161 article type-article status-publish hentry authors-catherine-m-conaghan country-ecuador issue-april-2008 region-latin-america-and-the-caribbean section-article subject-accountability subject-constitutions subject-corruption subject-economic-reform subject-elections subject-political-culture subject-political-parties","terms":{"authors":[{"id":534,"name":"Catherine M. Conaghan","slug":"catherine-m-conaghan","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":2,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/catherine-m-conaghan\/"}],"country":[{"id":1376,"name":"Ecuador","slug":"ecuador","taxonomy":"country","parent":0,"count":16,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/countries\/ecuador\/"}],"issue":[{"id":1694,"name":"April 2008","slug":"april-2008","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":16,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/april-2008\/","volume":"19","issue":"2"}],"region":[{"id":1313,"name":"Latin America and the Caribbean","slug":"latin-america-and-the-caribbean","taxonomy":"region","parent":0,"count":311,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/regions\/latin-america-and-the-caribbean\/"}],"section":[{"id":1528,"name":"Article","slug":"article","taxonomy":"section","parent":0,"count":761,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/sections\/article\/"}],"subject":[{"id":1538,"name":"Accountability","slug":"accountability","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":129,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/accountability\/"},{"id":1543,"name":"Constitutions","slug":"constitutions","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":99,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/constitutions\/"},{"id":1544,"name":"Corruption","slug":"corruption","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":187,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/corruption\/"},{"id":1550,"name":"Economic reform","slug":"economic-reform","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":110,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/economic-reform\/"},{"id":1551,"name":"Elections","slug":"elections","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":508,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/elections\/"},{"id":1565,"name":"Political culture","slug":"political-culture","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":374,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/political-culture\/"},{"id":1566,"name":"Political parties","slug":"political-parties","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":245,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/political-parties\/"}]},"thumbnail":null},{"id":1165,"ID":1165,"post_type":"article","link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/articles\/public-opinion-and-democratic-legitimacy\/","excerpt":"

Do young democracies have to "deliver the goods" economically in order to win political legitimacy in their citizens' eyes? Public opinion data from Asia, Africa, Latin America, and the Arab world suggest some fascinating answers.<\/p>\n","title":"Public Opinion and Democratic Legitimacy","newsdate":false,"supplements":[],"attachments":[],"uploads":[],"issue_gratis":false,"gratis_flag":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/themes\/jod\/assets\/img\/free.svg","issue":{"id":1694,"name":"April 2008","slug":"april-2008","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":16,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/april-2008\/","volume":"19","issue":"2"},"class":"post-1165 article type-article status-publish hentry authors-mark-tessler authors-marta-lagos authors-michael-bratton authors-sandeep-shastri authors-yun-han-chu issue-april-2008 region-comparative-theoretical-general section-article subject-accountability subject-civil-society subject-defining-democracy subject-democratic-consolidation subject-democratic-transition subject-economic-development subject-political-culture subject-public-opinion","terms":{"authors":[{"id":342,"name":"Yun-han Chu","slug":"yun-han-chu","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":14,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/yun-han-chu\/"},{"id":406,"name":"Michael Bratton","slug":"michael-bratton","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":8,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/michael-bratton\/"},{"id":506,"name":"Mark Tessler","slug":"mark-tessler","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":5,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/mark-tessler\/"},{"id":507,"name":"Marta Lagos","slug":"marta-lagos","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":6,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/marta-lagos\/"},{"id":535,"name":"Sandeep Shastri","slug":"sandeep-shastri","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":1,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/sandeep-shastri\/"}],"issue":[{"id":1694,"name":"April 2008","slug":"april-2008","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":16,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/april-2008\/","volume":"19","issue":"2"}],"region":[{"id":1306,"name":"Comparative Theoretical General","slug":"comparative-theoretical-general","taxonomy":"region","parent":0,"count":492,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/regions\/comparative-theoretical-general\/"}],"section":[{"id":1528,"name":"Article","slug":"article","taxonomy":"section","parent":0,"count":761,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/sections\/article\/"}],"subject":[{"id":1538,"name":"Accountability","slug":"accountability","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":129,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/accountability\/"},{"id":1540,"name":"Civil society","slug":"civil-society","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":258,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/civil-society\/"},{"id":1545,"name":"Defining democracy","slug":"defining-democracy","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":124,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/defining-democracy\/"},{"id":1547,"name":"Democratic consolidation","slug":"democratic-consolidation","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":243,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/democratic-consolidation\/"},{"id":1548,"name":"Democratic transition","slug":"democratic-transition","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":577,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/democratic-transition\/"},{"id":1549,"name":"Economic development","slug":"economic-development","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":172,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/economic-development\/"},{"id":1565,"name":"Political culture","slug":"political-culture","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":374,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/political-culture\/"},{"id":1579,"name":"Public opinion","slug":"public-opinion","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":99,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/public-opinion\/"}]},"thumbnail":null},{"id":1167,"ID":1167,"post_type":"article","link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/articles\/china-from-prison-to-freedom\/","excerpt":"

Why has China's transition to democracy been so delayed, and what can be done to hasten it?<\/p>\n","title":"China: From Prison to Freedom","newsdate":false,"supplements":[],"attachments":[],"uploads":[],"issue_gratis":false,"gratis_flag":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/themes\/jod\/assets\/img\/free.svg","issue":{"id":1694,"name":"April 2008","slug":"april-2008","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":16,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/april-2008\/","volume":"19","issue":"2"},"class":"post-1167 article type-article status-publish hentry authors-yang-jianli country-china issue-april-2008 region-asia section-article subject-accountability subject-civil-society subject-communism subject-corruption subject-democratic-transition subject-rule-of-law","terms":{"authors":[{"id":536,"name":"Yang Jianli","slug":"yang-jianli","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":1,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/yang-jianli\/"}],"country":[{"id":1360,"name":"China","slug":"china","taxonomy":"country","parent":0,"count":160,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/countries\/china\/"}],"issue":[{"id":1694,"name":"April 2008","slug":"april-2008","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":16,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/april-2008\/","volume":"19","issue":"2"}],"region":[{"id":1308,"name":"Asia","slug":"asia","taxonomy":"region","parent":0,"count":274,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/regions\/asia\/"}],"section":[{"id":1528,"name":"Article","slug":"article","taxonomy":"section","parent":0,"count":761,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/sections\/article\/"}],"subject":[{"id":1538,"name":"Accountability","slug":"accountability","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":129,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/accountability\/"},{"id":1540,"name":"Civil society","slug":"civil-society","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":258,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/civil-society\/"},{"id":1542,"name":"Communism","slug":"communism","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":135,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/communism\/"},{"id":1544,"name":"Corruption","slug":"corruption","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":187,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/corruption\/"},{"id":1548,"name":"Democratic transition","slug":"democratic-transition","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":577,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/democratic-transition\/"},{"id":1568,"name":"Rule of law","slug":"rule-of-law","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":106,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/rule-of-law\/"}]},"thumbnail":null},{"id":1172,"ID":1172,"post_type":"article","link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/articles\/progress-and-retreat-in-africa-presidents-untamed\/","excerpt":"

Despite sweeping political and constitutional changes in Africa, a notable feature of the ancien régime<\/em> survives—the imperial presidency. African presidents may be term-limited, but they have not been tamed.<\/p>\n","title":"Progress and Retreat in Africa: Presidents Untamed","newsdate":false,"supplements":[],"attachments":[],"uploads":[],"issue_gratis":false,"gratis_flag":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/themes\/jod\/assets\/img\/free.svg","issue":{"id":1694,"name":"April 2008","slug":"april-2008","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":16,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/april-2008\/","volume":"19","issue":"2"},"class":"post-1172 article type-article status-publish hentry authors-h-kwasi-prempeh country-ghana country-zambia issue-april-2008 region-africa section-article subject-accountability subject-corruption subject-economic-development subject-political-culture subject-political-parties subject-rule-of-law","terms":{"authors":[{"id":538,"name":"H. Kwasi Prempeh","slug":"h-kwasi-prempeh","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":5,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/h-kwasi-prempeh\/"}],"country":[{"id":1391,"name":"Ghana","slug":"ghana","taxonomy":"country","parent":0,"count":11,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/countries\/ghana\/"},{"id":1523,"name":"Zambia","slug":"zambia","taxonomy":"country","parent":0,"count":7,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/countries\/zambia\/"}],"issue":[{"id":1694,"name":"April 2008","slug":"april-2008","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":16,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/april-2008\/","volume":"19","issue":"2"}],"region":[{"id":1307,"name":"Africa","slug":"africa","taxonomy":"region","parent":0,"count":251,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/regions\/africa\/"}],"section":[{"id":1528,"name":"Article","slug":"article","taxonomy":"section","parent":0,"count":761,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/sections\/article\/"}],"subject":[{"id":1538,"name":"Accountability","slug":"accountability","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":129,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/accountability\/"},{"id":1544,"name":"Corruption","slug":"corruption","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":187,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/corruption\/"},{"id":1549,"name":"Economic development","slug":"economic-development","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":172,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/economic-development\/"},{"id":1565,"name":"Political culture","slug":"political-culture","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":374,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/political-culture\/"},{"id":1566,"name":"Political parties","slug":"political-parties","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":245,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/political-parties\/"},{"id":1568,"name":"Rule of law","slug":"rule-of-law","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":106,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/rule-of-law\/"}]},"thumbnail":null},{"id":1174,"ID":1174,"post_type":"article","link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/articles\/progress-and-retreat-in-africa-legislatures-on-the-rise\/","excerpt":"

The legislature is emerging as a "player" in some African countries, though not in others. What is the relationship between legislative development and democratic consolidation in Africa?<\/p>\n","title":"Progress and Retreat in Africa: Legislatures on the Rise?","newsdate":false,"supplements":[],"attachments":[],"uploads":[],"issue_gratis":false,"gratis_flag":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/themes\/jod\/assets\/img\/free.svg","issue":{"id":1694,"name":"April 2008","slug":"april-2008","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":16,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/april-2008\/","volume":"19","issue":"2"},"class":"post-1174 article type-article status-publish hentry authors-joel-d-barkan country-ghana country-kenya country-south-africa country-tanzania country-uganda issue-april-2008 region-africa section-article subject-accountability subject-civil-military-relations subject-corruption subject-political-culture subject-political-parties subject-rule-of-law","terms":{"authors":[{"id":351,"name":"Joel D. Barkan","slug":"joel-d-barkan","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":7,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/joel-d-barkan\/"}],"country":[{"id":1391,"name":"Ghana","slug":"ghana","taxonomy":"country","parent":0,"count":11,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/countries\/ghana\/"},{"id":1416,"name":"Kenya","slug":"kenya","taxonomy":"country","parent":0,"count":16,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/countries\/kenya\/"},{"id":1491,"name":"South Africa","slug":"south-africa","taxonomy":"country","parent":0,"count":45,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/countries\/south-africa\/"},{"id":1503,"name":"Tanzania","slug":"tanzania","taxonomy":"country","parent":0,"count":12,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/countries\/tanzania\/"},{"id":1511,"name":"Uganda","slug":"uganda","taxonomy":"country","parent":0,"count":8,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/countries\/uganda\/"}],"issue":[{"id":1694,"name":"April 2008","slug":"april-2008","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":16,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/april-2008\/","volume":"19","issue":"2"}],"region":[{"id":1307,"name":"Africa","slug":"africa","taxonomy":"region","parent":0,"count":251,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/regions\/africa\/"}],"section":[{"id":1528,"name":"Article","slug":"article","taxonomy":"section","parent":0,"count":761,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/sections\/article\/"}],"subject":[{"id":1538,"name":"Accountability","slug":"accountability","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":129,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/accountability\/"},{"id":1541,"name":"Civil-military relations","slug":"civil-military-relations","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":126,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/civil-military-relations\/"},{"id":1544,"name":"Corruption","slug":"corruption","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":187,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/corruption\/"},{"id":1565,"name":"Political culture","slug":"political-culture","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":374,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/political-culture\/"},{"id":1566,"name":"Political parties","slug":"political-parties","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":245,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/political-parties\/"},{"id":1568,"name":"Rule of law","slug":"rule-of-law","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":106,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/rule-of-law\/"}]},"thumbnail":null},{"id":1176,"ID":1176,"post_type":"article","link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/articles\/progress-and-retreat-in-africa-the-rule-of-law-versus-the-big-man\/","excerpt":"

Africa is a battleground between formal democratic institutions and rule by the will of the "big man." Civil society groups are waging this struggle, and technology is equipping them with surprising new tools.<\/p>\n","title":"Progress and Retreat in Africa: The Rule of Law versus the Big Man","newsdate":false,"supplements":[],"attachments":[],"uploads":[],"issue_gratis":false,"gratis_flag":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/themes\/jod\/assets\/img\/free.svg","issue":{"id":1694,"name":"April 2008","slug":"april-2008","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":16,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/april-2008\/","volume":"19","issue":"2"},"class":"post-1176 article type-article status-publish hentry authors-larry-diamond issue-april-2008 region-africa section-article subject-accountability subject-civil-society subject-corruption subject-democratic-consolidation subject-economic-development subject-nongovernmental-organizations subject-political-culture","terms":{"authors":[{"id":266,"name":"Larry Diamond","slug":"larry-diamond","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":59,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/larry-diamond\/"}],"issue":[{"id":1694,"name":"April 2008","slug":"april-2008","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":16,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/april-2008\/","volume":"19","issue":"2"}],"region":[{"id":1307,"name":"Africa","slug":"africa","taxonomy":"region","parent":0,"count":251,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/regions\/africa\/"}],"section":[{"id":1528,"name":"Article","slug":"article","taxonomy":"section","parent":0,"count":761,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/sections\/article\/"}],"subject":[{"id":1538,"name":"Accountability","slug":"accountability","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":129,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/accountability\/"},{"id":1540,"name":"Civil society","slug":"civil-society","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":258,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/civil-society\/"},{"id":1544,"name":"Corruption","slug":"corruption","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":187,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/corruption\/"},{"id":1547,"name":"Democratic consolidation","slug":"democratic-consolidation","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":243,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/democratic-consolidation\/"},{"id":1549,"name":"Economic development","slug":"economic-development","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":172,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/economic-development\/"},{"id":1564,"name":"Nongovernmental organizations","slug":"nongovernmental-organizations","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":24,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/nongovernmental-organizations\/"},{"id":1565,"name":"Political culture","slug":"political-culture","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":374,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/political-culture\/"}]},"thumbnail":null},{"id":1074,"ID":1074,"post_type":"article","link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/articles\/sierra-leone-a-vote-for-better-governance\/","excerpt":"

Five years after the close of a horrifying civil war, Sierra Leone held the freest elections in its history. Voters turned out the party that had overseen the war's end, blaming it for having mishandled governance since then.<\/p>\n","title":"Sierra Leone: A Vote for Better Governance","newsdate":false,"supplements":[],"attachments":[],"uploads":[],"issue_gratis":false,"gratis_flag":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/themes\/jod\/assets\/img\/free.svg","issue":{"id":1693,"name":"January 2008","slug":"january-2008","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":16,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/january-2008\/","volume":"19","issue":"1"},"class":"post-1074 article type-article status-publish hentry authors-christopher-wyrod country-sierra-leone issue-january-2008 region-africa section-article subject-accountability subject-civil-military-relations subject-corruption subject-elections subject-ethnic-conflict subject-political-culture subject-political-parties subject-postconflict-societies","terms":{"authors":[{"id":502,"name":"Christopher Wyrod","slug":"christopher-wyrod","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":1,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/christopher-wyrod\/"}],"country":[{"id":1485,"name":"Sierra Leone","slug":"sierra-leone","taxonomy":"country","parent":0,"count":3,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/countries\/sierra-leone\/"}],"issue":[{"id":1693,"name":"January 2008","slug":"january-2008","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":16,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/january-2008\/","volume":"19","issue":"1"}],"region":[{"id":1307,"name":"Africa","slug":"africa","taxonomy":"region","parent":0,"count":251,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/regions\/africa\/"}],"section":[{"id":1528,"name":"Article","slug":"article","taxonomy":"section","parent":0,"count":761,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/sections\/article\/"}],"subject":[{"id":1538,"name":"Accountability","slug":"accountability","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":129,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/accountability\/"},{"id":1541,"name":"Civil-military relations","slug":"civil-military-relations","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":126,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/civil-military-relations\/"},{"id":1544,"name":"Corruption","slug":"corruption","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":187,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/corruption\/"},{"id":1551,"name":"Elections","slug":"elections","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":508,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/elections\/"},{"id":1552,"name":"Ethnic conflict","slug":"ethnic-conflict","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":69,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/ethnic-conflict\/"},{"id":1565,"name":"Political culture","slug":"political-culture","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":374,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/political-culture\/"},{"id":1566,"name":"Political parties","slug":"political-parties","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":245,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/political-parties\/"},{"id":1931,"name":"Postconflict societies","slug":"postconflict-societies","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":14,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/postconflict-societies\/"}]},"thumbnail":null},{"id":1088,"ID":1088,"post_type":"article","link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/articles\/the-arroyo-imbroglio-in-the-philippines\/","excerpt":"

Asia's oldest democracy is sinking into a morass of corruption and scandal. The Philippines' president, Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, continues to undermine the country's democratic institutions in order to remain in power.<\/p>\n","title":"The Arroyo Imbroglio in the Philippines","newsdate":false,"supplements":[],"attachments":[{"title":"Hutchcroft-19-1","link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/04\/Hutchcroft-19-1.pdf","ext":"pdf","type":"application\/pdf"}],"uploads":[],"issue_gratis":true,"gratis_flag":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/themes\/jod\/assets\/img\/free.svg","issue":{"id":1693,"name":"January 2008","slug":"january-2008","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":16,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/january-2008\/","volume":"19","issue":"1"},"class":"post-1088 article type-article status-publish hentry authors-paul-d-hutchcroft country-philippines issue-january-2008 region-asia section-article subject-accountability subject-civil-military-relations subject-corruption subject-elections subject-political-culture subject-rule-of-law","terms":{"authors":[{"id":510,"name":"Paul D. Hutchcroft","slug":"paul-d-hutchcroft","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":1,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/paul-d-hutchcroft\/"}],"country":[{"id":1470,"name":"Philippines","slug":"philippines","taxonomy":"country","parent":0,"count":26,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/countries\/philippines\/"}],"issue":[{"id":1693,"name":"January 2008","slug":"january-2008","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":16,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/january-2008\/","volume":"19","issue":"1"}],"region":[{"id":1308,"name":"Asia","slug":"asia","taxonomy":"region","parent":0,"count":274,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/regions\/asia\/"}],"section":[{"id":1528,"name":"Article","slug":"article","taxonomy":"section","parent":0,"count":761,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/sections\/article\/"}],"subject":[{"id":1538,"name":"Accountability","slug":"accountability","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":129,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/accountability\/"},{"id":1541,"name":"Civil-military relations","slug":"civil-military-relations","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":126,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/civil-military-relations\/"},{"id":1544,"name":"Corruption","slug":"corruption","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":187,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/corruption\/"},{"id":1551,"name":"Elections","slug":"elections","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":508,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/elections\/"},{"id":1565,"name":"Political culture","slug":"political-culture","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":374,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/political-culture\/"},{"id":1568,"name":"Rule of law","slug":"rule-of-law","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":106,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/rule-of-law\/"}]},"thumbnail":null},{"id":1421,"ID":1421,"post_type":"article","link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/articles\/indias-unlikely-democracy-civil-society-versus-corruption\/","excerpt":"

Pervasive corruption hampers India's democracy, yet anticorruption movements may be helping to improve governmental accountability.<\/p>\n","title":"India’s Unlikely Democracy: Civil Society Versus Corruption","newsdate":false,"supplements":[],"attachments":[],"uploads":[],"issue_gratis":false,"gratis_flag":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/themes\/jod\/assets\/img\/free.svg","issue":{"id":1690,"name":"April 2007","slug":"april-2007","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":19,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/april-2007\/","volume":"18","issue":"2"},"class":"post-1421 article type-article status-publish hentry authors-rob-jenkins country-india issue-april-2007 region-asia section-article subject-accountability subject-civil-society subject-corruption subject-democratic-consolidation","terms":{"authors":[{"id":597,"name":"Rob Jenkins","slug":"rob-jenkins","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":1,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/rob-jenkins\/"}],"country":[{"id":1405,"name":"India","slug":"india","taxonomy":"country","parent":0,"count":83,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/countries\/india\/"}],"issue":[{"id":1690,"name":"April 2007","slug":"april-2007","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":19,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/april-2007\/","volume":"18","issue":"2"}],"region":[{"id":1308,"name":"Asia","slug":"asia","taxonomy":"region","parent":0,"count":274,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/regions\/asia\/"}],"section":[{"id":1528,"name":"Article","slug":"article","taxonomy":"section","parent":0,"count":761,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/sections\/article\/"}],"subject":[{"id":1538,"name":"Accountability","slug":"accountability","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":129,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/accountability\/"},{"id":1540,"name":"Civil society","slug":"civil-society","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":258,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/civil-society\/"},{"id":1544,"name":"Corruption","slug":"corruption","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":187,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/corruption\/"},{"id":1547,"name":"Democratic consolidation","slug":"democratic-consolidation","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":243,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/democratic-consolidation\/"}]},"thumbnail":null},{"id":1491,"ID":1491,"post_type":"article","link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/articles\/the-crisis-of-representation-in-the-andes\/","excerpt":"

Despite a significant expansion of citizenship over the last few decades, the Andean nations face a severe crisis of democratic representation. The root of the problem lies not in the mechanisms of representation but in poor state performance.<\/p>\n","title":"The Crisis of Representation in the Andes","newsdate":false,"supplements":[],"attachments":[],"uploads":[],"issue_gratis":false,"gratis_flag":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/themes\/jod\/assets\/img\/free.svg","issue":{"id":1687,"name":"July 2006","slug":"july-2006","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":15,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/july-2006\/","volume":"17","issue":"3"},"class":"post-1491 article type-article status-publish hentry authors-scott-mainwaring issue-july-2006 region-latin-america-and-the-caribbean section-article subject-accountability subject-political-parties","terms":{"authors":[{"id":566,"name":"Scott Mainwaring","slug":"scott-mainwaring","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":11,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/scott-mainwaring\/"}],"issue":[{"id":1687,"name":"July 2006","slug":"july-2006","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":15,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/july-2006\/","volume":"17","issue":"3"}],"region":[{"id":1313,"name":"Latin America and the Caribbean","slug":"latin-america-and-the-caribbean","taxonomy":"region","parent":0,"count":311,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/regions\/latin-america-and-the-caribbean\/"}],"section":[{"id":1528,"name":"Article","slug":"article","taxonomy":"section","parent":0,"count":761,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/sections\/article\/"}],"subject":[{"id":1538,"name":"Accountability","slug":"accountability","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":129,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/accountability\/"},{"id":1566,"name":"Political parties","slug":"political-parties","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":245,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/political-parties\/"}]},"thumbnail":null},{"id":1547,"ID":1547,"post_type":"article","link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/articles\/postcommunist-central-banks-a-democratic-deficit\/","excerpt":"

Independent central banks throughout the former Soviet Union suffer from a dual democratic deficit. How can they gain greater democratic legitimacy without compromising their countries' economic health?<\/p>\n","title":"Postcommunist Central Banks: A Democratic Deficit?","newsdate":false,"supplements":[],"attachments":[],"uploads":[],"issue_gratis":false,"gratis_flag":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/themes\/jod\/assets\/img\/free.svg","issue":{"id":1685,"name":"January 2006","slug":"january-2006","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":17,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/january-2006\/","volume":"17","issue":"1"},"class":"post-1547 article type-article status-publish hentry authors-juliet-johnson issue-january-2006 region-central-and-eastern-europe region-eurasia section-article subject-accountability subject-central-banks subject-economic-development subject-economic-reform subject-institutions","terms":{"authors":[{"id":639,"name":"Juliet Johnson","slug":"juliet-johnson","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":1,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/juliet-johnson\/"}],"issue":[{"id":1685,"name":"January 2006","slug":"january-2006","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":17,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/january-2006\/","volume":"17","issue":"1"}],"region":[{"id":1310,"name":"Central and Eastern Europe","slug":"central-and-eastern-europe","taxonomy":"region","parent":0,"count":252,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/regions\/central-and-eastern-europe\/"},{"id":1309,"name":"Eurasia","slug":"eurasia","taxonomy":"region","parent":0,"count":210,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/regions\/eurasia\/"}],"section":[{"id":1528,"name":"Article","slug":"article","taxonomy":"section","parent":0,"count":761,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/sections\/article\/"}],"subject":[{"id":1538,"name":"Accountability","slug":"accountability","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":129,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/accountability\/"},{"id":1970,"name":"Central banks","slug":"central-banks","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":6,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/central-banks\/"},{"id":1549,"name":"Economic development","slug":"economic-development","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":172,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/economic-development\/"},{"id":1550,"name":"Economic reform","slug":"economic-reform","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":110,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/economic-reform\/"},{"id":1574,"name":"Institutions","slug":"institutions","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":159,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/institutions\/"}]},"thumbnail":null},{"id":1278,"ID":1278,"post_type":"article","link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/articles\/transitions-from-postcommunism\/","excerpt":"

What made the \u201ccolor revolutions\u201d of the early 2000s possible? There were 7 factors that allowed for these democratic breakthroughs. Today, Venezuela has 6 of them, and it may soon have the last one it needs.<\/p>\n","title":"Transitions from Postcommunism","newsdate":false,"supplements":[],"attachments":[{"title":"McFaul-16-3","link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/04\/McFaul-16-3.pdf","ext":"pdf","type":"application\/pdf"}],"uploads":[],"issue_gratis":true,"gratis_flag":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/themes\/jod\/assets\/img\/free.svg","issue":{"id":1683,"name":"July 2005","slug":"july-2005","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":15,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/july-2005\/","volume":"16","issue":"3"},"class":"post-1278 article type-article status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry authors-michael-mcfaul country-georgia country-serbia country-ukraine issue-july-2005 region-central-and-eastern-europe section-article subject-accountability subject-communism subject-democratic-transition subject-elections subject-nongovernmental-organizations 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The role of international factors varied greatly across the post-Cold War transitions to democracy, but the intensity and results of external democratizing pressure depended on two variables: linkage to the West and Western leverage.<\/p>\n","title":"International Linkage and Democratization","newsdate":false,"supplements":[],"attachments":[],"uploads":[],"issue_gratis":false,"gratis_flag":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/themes\/jod\/assets\/img\/free.svg","issue":{"id":1683,"name":"July 2005","slug":"july-2005","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":15,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/july-2005\/","volume":"16","issue":"3"},"class":"post-1594 article type-article status-publish hentry authors-lucan-a-way authors-steven-levitsky issue-july-2005 region-comparative-theoretical-general section-article subject-accountability subject-civil-society subject-competitive-authoritarianism subject-democratic-transition subject-economic-development subject-political-culture","terms":{"authors":[{"id":297,"name":"Steven Levitsky","slug":"steven-levitsky","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":18,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/steven-levitsky\/"},{"id":655,"name":"Lucan A. Way","slug":"lucan-a-way","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":24,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/lucan-a-way\/"}],"issue":[{"id":1683,"name":"July 2005","slug":"july-2005","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":15,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/july-2005\/","volume":"16","issue":"3"}],"region":[{"id":1306,"name":"Comparative Theoretical General","slug":"comparative-theoretical-general","taxonomy":"region","parent":0,"count":492,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/regions\/comparative-theoretical-general\/"}],"section":[{"id":1528,"name":"Article","slug":"article","taxonomy":"section","parent":0,"count":761,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/sections\/article\/"}],"subject":[{"id":1538,"name":"Accountability","slug":"accountability","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":129,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/accountability\/"},{"id":1540,"name":"Civil society","slug":"civil-society","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":258,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/civil-society\/"},{"id":1571,"name":"Competitive authoritarianism","slug":"competitive-authoritarianism","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":43,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/competitive-authoritarianism\/"},{"id":1548,"name":"Democratic transition","slug":"democratic-transition","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":577,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/democratic-transition\/"},{"id":1549,"name":"Economic development","slug":"economic-development","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":172,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/economic-development\/"},{"id":1565,"name":"Political culture","slug":"political-culture","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":374,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/political-culture\/"}]},"thumbnail":null},{"id":1647,"ID":1647,"post_type":"article","link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/articles\/promoting-transparency-in-angola\/","excerpt":"

Natural-resource wealth has been at the root of Angola's corruption and authoritarianism. By giving leverage to those pushing for reform, however, it has also become a key factor in teh struggle for accountability.<\/p>\n","title":"Promoting Transparency in Angola","newsdate":false,"supplements":[],"attachments":[],"uploads":[],"issue_gratis":false,"gratis_flag":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/themes\/jod\/assets\/img\/free.svg","issue":{"id":1683,"name":"July 2005","slug":"july-2005","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":15,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/july-2005\/","volume":"16","issue":"3"},"class":"post-1647 article type-article status-publish hentry authors-john-mcmillan country-angola issue-july-2005 region-africa section-article subject-accountability subject-corruption subject-democratic-transition subject-economic-development subject-political-culture","terms":{"authors":[{"id":677,"name":"John McMillan","slug":"john-mcmillan","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":1,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/john-mcmillan\/"}],"country":[{"id":1324,"name":"Angola","slug":"angola","taxonomy":"country","parent":0,"count":4,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/countries\/angola\/"}],"issue":[{"id":1683,"name":"July 2005","slug":"july-2005","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":15,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/july-2005\/","volume":"16","issue":"3"}],"region":[{"id":1307,"name":"Africa","slug":"africa","taxonomy":"region","parent":0,"count":251,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/regions\/africa\/"}],"section":[{"id":1528,"name":"Article","slug":"article","taxonomy":"section","parent":0,"count":761,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/sections\/article\/"}],"subject":[{"id":1538,"name":"Accountability","slug":"accountability","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":129,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/accountability\/"},{"id":1544,"name":"Corruption","slug":"corruption","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":187,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/corruption\/"},{"id":1548,"name":"Democratic transition","slug":"democratic-transition","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":577,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/democratic-transition\/"},{"id":1549,"name":"Economic development","slug":"economic-development","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":172,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/economic-development\/"},{"id":1565,"name":"Political culture","slug":"political-culture","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":374,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/political-culture\/"}]},"thumbnail":null},{"id":1671,"ID":1671,"post_type":"article","link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/articles\/challenge-and-change-in-east-asia-constitutionalism-on-trial-in-south-korea\/","excerpt":"

During the early years of south korea's transition to democracy, expanding popular rule and deepening individual rights went hand-in-hand. But Roh Moo Hyun's presiency has exposed rifts between majority rule and constitutionalism that the country's judiciary is struggling to bridge.<\/p>\n","title":"Challenge and Change in East Asia: Constitutionalism on Trial in South Korea","newsdate":false,"supplements":[],"attachments":[],"uploads":[],"issue_gratis":false,"gratis_flag":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/themes\/jod\/assets\/img\/free.svg","issue":{"id":1682,"name":"April 2005","slug":"april-2005","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":16,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/april-2005\/","volume":"16","issue":"2"},"class":"post-1671 article type-article status-publish hentry authors-hahm-chaihark authors-sung-ho-kim country-south-korea issue-april-2005 region-asia section-article subject-accountability subject-constitutions subject-democratic-consolidation subject-democratic-transition subject-liberalism subject-political-culture subject-rule-of-law","terms":{"authors":[{"id":678,"name":"Hahm Chaihark","slug":"hahm-chaihark","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":1,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/hahm-chaihark\/"},{"id":679,"name":"Sung Ho Kim","slug":"sung-ho-kim","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":1,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/sung-ho-kim\/"}],"country":[{"id":1492,"name":"South Korea","slug":"south-korea","taxonomy":"country","parent":0,"count":24,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/countries\/south-korea\/"}],"issue":[{"id":1682,"name":"April 2005","slug":"april-2005","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":16,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/april-2005\/","volume":"16","issue":"2"}],"region":[{"id":1308,"name":"Asia","slug":"asia","taxonomy":"region","parent":0,"count":274,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/regions\/asia\/"}],"section":[{"id":1528,"name":"Article","slug":"article","taxonomy":"section","parent":0,"count":761,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/sections\/article\/"}],"subject":[{"id":1538,"name":"Accountability","slug":"accountability","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":129,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/accountability\/"},{"id":1543,"name":"Constitutions","slug":"constitutions","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":99,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/constitutions\/"},{"id":1547,"name":"Democratic consolidation","slug":"democratic-consolidation","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":243,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/democratic-consolidation\/"},{"id":1548,"name":"Democratic transition","slug":"democratic-transition","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":577,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/democratic-transition\/"},{"id":1560,"name":"Liberalism","slug":"liberalism","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":99,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/liberalism\/"},{"id":1565,"name":"Political culture","slug":"political-culture","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":374,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/political-culture\/"},{"id":1568,"name":"Rule of law","slug":"rule-of-law","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":106,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/rule-of-law\/"}]},"thumbnail":null},{"id":1673,"ID":1673,"post_type":"article","link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/articles\/challenge-and-change-in-east-asia-taiwans-year-of-stress\/","excerpt":"

Thanks to a disputed presidential election and a narrowly divided parliament, Taiwan's politics remains tense. Yet the worst of the conflicts that gripped the island seem to have eased, and the difficult political events of the last few years may have some beneficial effects after all.<\/p>\n","title":"Challenge and Change in East Asia: Taiwan’s Year of Stress","newsdate":false,"supplements":[],"attachments":[],"uploads":[],"issue_gratis":false,"gratis_flag":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/themes\/jod\/assets\/img\/free.svg","issue":{"id":1682,"name":"April 2005","slug":"april-2005","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":16,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/april-2005\/","volume":"16","issue":"2"},"class":"post-1673 article type-article status-publish hentry authors-yun-han-chu country-taiwan issue-april-2005 region-asia section-article subject-accountability subject-civil-society subject-democratic-consolidation subject-elections subject-political-culture subject-political-parties subject-rule-of-law","terms":{"authors":[{"id":342,"name":"Yun-han Chu","slug":"yun-han-chu","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":14,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/yun-han-chu\/"}],"country":[{"id":1501,"name":"Taiwan","slug":"taiwan","taxonomy":"country","parent":0,"count":32,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/countries\/taiwan\/"}],"issue":[{"id":1682,"name":"April 2005","slug":"april-2005","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":16,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/april-2005\/","volume":"16","issue":"2"}],"region":[{"id":1308,"name":"Asia","slug":"asia","taxonomy":"region","parent":0,"count":274,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/regions\/asia\/"}],"section":[{"id":1528,"name":"Article","slug":"article","taxonomy":"section","parent":0,"count":761,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/sections\/article\/"}],"subject":[{"id":1538,"name":"Accountability","slug":"accountability","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":129,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/accountability\/"},{"id":1540,"name":"Civil society","slug":"civil-society","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":258,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/civil-society\/"},{"id":1547,"name":"Democratic consolidation","slug":"democratic-consolidation","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":243,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/democratic-consolidation\/"},{"id":1551,"name":"Elections","slug":"elections","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":508,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/elections\/"},{"id":1565,"name":"Political culture","slug":"political-culture","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":374,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/political-culture\/"},{"id":1566,"name":"Political parties","slug":"political-parties","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":245,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/political-parties\/"},{"id":1568,"name":"Rule of law","slug":"rule-of-law","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":106,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/rule-of-law\/"}]},"thumbnail":null},{"id":1677,"ID":1677,"post_type":"article","link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/articles\/challenge-and-change-in-east-asia-indonesias-quest-for-accountable-governance\/","excerpt":"

Despite the tsunami tragedy, Indonesians at least can look back on the political events of 2004 with pride. Their country successfully held three major elections and produced a legitimate government. Now the main challenge is to secure regular governmental accountability.<\/p>\n","title":"Challenge and Change in East Asia: Indonesia’s Quest for Accountable Governance","newsdate":false,"supplements":[],"attachments":[],"uploads":[],"issue_gratis":false,"gratis_flag":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/themes\/jod\/assets\/img\/free.svg","issue":{"id":1682,"name":"April 2005","slug":"april-2005","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":16,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/april-2005\/","volume":"16","issue":"2"},"class":"post-1677 article type-article status-publish hentry authors-muhammad-qodari country-indonesia issue-april-2005 region-asia section-article subject-accountability subject-civil-society subject-corruption subject-democratic-consolidation subject-elections subject-political-culture subject-political-parties","terms":{"authors":[{"id":682,"name":"Muhammad Qodari","slug":"muhammad-qodari","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":1,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/muhammad-qodari\/"}],"country":[{"id":1406,"name":"Indonesia","slug":"indonesia","taxonomy":"country","parent":0,"count":34,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/countries\/indonesia\/"}],"issue":[{"id":1682,"name":"April 2005","slug":"april-2005","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":16,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/april-2005\/","volume":"16","issue":"2"}],"region":[{"id":1308,"name":"Asia","slug":"asia","taxonomy":"region","parent":0,"count":274,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/regions\/asia\/"}],"section":[{"id":1528,"name":"Article","slug":"article","taxonomy":"section","parent":0,"count":761,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/sections\/article\/"}],"subject":[{"id":1538,"name":"Accountability","slug":"accountability","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":129,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/accountability\/"},{"id":1540,"name":"Civil society","slug":"civil-society","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":258,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/civil-society\/"},{"id":1544,"name":"Corruption","slug":"corruption","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":187,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/corruption\/"},{"id":1547,"name":"Democratic consolidation","slug":"democratic-consolidation","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":243,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/democratic-consolidation\/"},{"id":1551,"name":"Elections","slug":"elections","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":508,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/elections\/"},{"id":1565,"name":"Political culture","slug":"political-culture","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":374,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/political-culture\/"},{"id":1566,"name":"Political parties","slug":"political-parties","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":245,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/political-parties\/"}]},"thumbnail":null},{"id":1679,"ID":1679,"post_type":"article","link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/articles\/challenge-and-change-in-east-asia-is-democracy-the-only-game-in-town\/","excerpt":"

In three of the six democracies surveyed by the East Asia Barometer, a majority of respondents prefer democracy to its alternatives. In the other three, however, a lingering nostalgia for authoritarianism stands in the way of democratic consolidation.<\/p>\n","title":"Challenge and Change in East Asia: Is Democracy the Only Game in Town?","newsdate":false,"supplements":[],"attachments":[],"uploads":[],"issue_gratis":false,"gratis_flag":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/themes\/jod\/assets\/img\/free.svg","issue":{"id":1682,"name":"April 2005","slug":"april-2005","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":16,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/april-2005\/","volume":"16","issue":"2"},"class":"post-1679 article type-article status-publish hentry authors-doh-chull-shin authors-jason-wells country-japan country-mongolia country-philippines country-south-korea country-taiwan country-thailand issue-april-2005 region-east-asia section-article subject-accountability subject-civil-society subject-defining-democracy subject-democracy-promotion subject-democratic-consolidation subject-political-culture","terms":{"authors":[{"id":684,"name":"Jason Wells","slug":"jason-wells","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":1,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/jason-wells\/"},{"id":855,"name":"Doh Chull Shin","slug":"doh-chull-shin","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":4,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/doh-chull-shin\/"}],"country":[{"id":1413,"name":"Japan","slug":"japan","taxonomy":"country","parent":0,"count":9,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/countries\/japan\/"},{"id":1446,"name":"Mongolia","slug":"mongolia","taxonomy":"country","parent":0,"count":4,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/countries\/mongolia\/"},{"id":1470,"name":"Philippines","slug":"philippines","taxonomy":"country","parent":0,"count":26,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/countries\/philippines\/"},{"id":1492,"name":"South Korea","slug":"south-korea","taxonomy":"country","parent":0,"count":24,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/countries\/south-korea\/"},{"id":1501,"name":"Taiwan","slug":"taiwan","taxonomy":"country","parent":0,"count":32,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/countries\/taiwan\/"},{"id":1504,"name":"Thailand","slug":"thailand","taxonomy":"country","parent":0,"count":25,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/countries\/thailand\/"}],"issue":[{"id":1682,"name":"April 2005","slug":"april-2005","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":16,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/april-2005\/","volume":"16","issue":"2"}],"region":[{"id":1317,"name":"East Asia","slug":"east-asia","taxonomy":"region","parent":0,"count":138,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/regions\/east-asia\/"}],"section":[{"id":1528,"name":"Article","slug":"article","taxonomy":"section","parent":0,"count":761,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/sections\/article\/"}],"subject":[{"id":1538,"name":"Accountability","slug":"accountability","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":129,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/accountability\/"},{"id":1540,"name":"Civil society","slug":"civil-society","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":258,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/civil-society\/"},{"id":1545,"name":"Defining democracy","slug":"defining-democracy","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":124,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/defining-democracy\/"},{"id":1546,"name":"Democracy promotion","slug":"democracy-promotion","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":149,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/democracy-promotion\/"},{"id":1547,"name":"Democratic consolidation","slug":"democratic-consolidation","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":243,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/democratic-consolidation\/"},{"id":1565,"name":"Political culture","slug":"political-culture","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":374,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/political-culture\/"}]},"thumbnail":null},{"id":1681,"ID":1681,"post_type":"article","link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/articles\/challenge-and-change-in-east-asia-facing-the-perils-of-presidentialism\/","excerpt":"

Juan Linz’s 1990 critique of presidentialism in these pages was based largely on the Latin American experience. In the last few years, however, four new Asian democracies have encountered presidential crises. Does Linz’s work hold the secret to what has been ailing these regimes?<\/p>\n","title":"Challenge and Change in East Asia: Facing the Perils of Presidentialism","newsdate":false,"supplements":[],"attachments":[],"uploads":[],"issue_gratis":false,"gratis_flag":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/themes\/jod\/assets\/img\/free.svg","issue":{"id":1682,"name":"April 2005","slug":"april-2005","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":16,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/april-2005\/","volume":"16","issue":"2"},"class":"post-1681 article type-article status-publish hentry authors-bjorn-dressel authors-boo-seung-chang authors-francis-fukuyama country-indonesia country-philippines country-south-korea country-taiwan issue-april-2005 region-asia section-article subject-accountability subject-civil-society subject-constitutions subject-democratic-consolidation subject-elections subject-political-culture subject-political-parties subject-rule-of-law","terms":{"authors":[{"id":272,"name":"Francis Fukuyama","slug":"francis-fukuyama","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":28,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/francis-fukuyama\/"},{"id":685,"name":"Bj\u00f6rn Dressel","slug":"bjorn-dressel","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":2,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/bjorn-dressel\/"},{"id":686,"name":"Boo-Seung Chang","slug":"boo-seung-chang","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":1,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/boo-seung-chang\/"}],"country":[{"id":1406,"name":"Indonesia","slug":"indonesia","taxonomy":"country","parent":0,"count":34,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/countries\/indonesia\/"},{"id":1470,"name":"Philippines","slug":"philippines","taxonomy":"country","parent":0,"count":26,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/countries\/philippines\/"},{"id":1492,"name":"South Korea","slug":"south-korea","taxonomy":"country","parent":0,"count":24,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/countries\/south-korea\/"},{"id":1501,"name":"Taiwan","slug":"taiwan","taxonomy":"country","parent":0,"count":32,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/countries\/taiwan\/"}],"issue":[{"id":1682,"name":"April 2005","slug":"april-2005","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":16,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/april-2005\/","volume":"16","issue":"2"}],"region":[{"id":1308,"name":"Asia","slug":"asia","taxonomy":"region","parent":0,"count":274,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/regions\/asia\/"}],"section":[{"id":1528,"name":"Article","slug":"article","taxonomy":"section","parent":0,"count":761,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/sections\/article\/"}],"subject":[{"id":1538,"name":"Accountability","slug":"accountability","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":129,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/accountability\/"},{"id":1540,"name":"Civil society","slug":"civil-society","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":258,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/civil-society\/"},{"id":1543,"name":"Constitutions","slug":"constitutions","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":99,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/constitutions\/"},{"id":1547,"name":"Democratic consolidation","slug":"democratic-consolidation","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":243,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/democratic-consolidation\/"},{"id":1551,"name":"Elections","slug":"elections","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":508,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/elections\/"},{"id":1565,"name":"Political culture","slug":"political-culture","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":374,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/political-culture\/"},{"id":1566,"name":"Political parties","slug":"political-parties","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":245,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/political-parties\/"},{"id":1568,"name":"Rule of law","slug":"rule-of-law","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":106,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/rule-of-law\/"}]},"thumbnail":null},{"id":1683,"ID":1683,"post_type":"article","link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/articles\/ukraines-orange-revolution-the-oppositions-road-to-success\/","excerpt":"

Ukraine's opposition had been trying to oust President Leonid Kuchma's semi-authoritarian regime since its alleged involvement in the murder of journalist Georgi Gongadze in 2000. What brought success in 2004?<\/p>\n","title":"Ukraine’s Orange Revolution: The Opposition’s Road to Success","newsdate":false,"supplements":[],"attachments":[],"uploads":[],"issue_gratis":false,"gratis_flag":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/themes\/jod\/assets\/img\/free.svg","issue":{"id":1682,"name":"April 2005","slug":"april-2005","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":16,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/april-2005\/","volume":"16","issue":"2"},"class":"post-1683 article type-article status-publish hentry authors-taras-kuzio country-ukraine issue-april-2005 region-central-and-eastern-europe section-article subject-accountability subject-civil-society subject-communism subject-democracy-promotion subject-democratic-consolidation subject-democratic-transition subject-elections subject-political-culture subject-political-parties subject-rule-of-law","terms":{"authors":[{"id":687,"name":"Taras Kuzio","slug":"taras-kuzio","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":1,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/taras-kuzio\/"}],"country":[{"id":1512,"name":"Ukraine","slug":"ukraine","taxonomy":"country","parent":0,"count":58,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/countries\/ukraine\/"}],"issue":[{"id":1682,"name":"April 2005","slug":"april-2005","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":16,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/april-2005\/","volume":"16","issue":"2"}],"region":[{"id":1310,"name":"Central and Eastern Europe","slug":"central-and-eastern-europe","taxonomy":"region","parent":0,"count":252,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/regions\/central-and-eastern-europe\/"}],"section":[{"id":1528,"name":"Article","slug":"article","taxonomy":"section","parent":0,"count":761,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/sections\/article\/"}],"subject":[{"id":1538,"name":"Accountability","slug":"accountability","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":129,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/accountability\/"},{"id":1540,"name":"Civil society","slug":"civil-society","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":258,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/civil-society\/"},{"id":1542,"name":"Communism","slug":"communism","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":135,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/communism\/"},{"id":1546,"name":"Democracy promotion","slug":"democracy-promotion","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":149,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/democracy-promotion\/"},{"id":1547,"name":"Democratic consolidation","slug":"democratic-consolidation","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":243,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/democratic-consolidation\/"},{"id":1548,"name":"Democratic transition","slug":"democratic-transition","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":577,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/democratic-transition\/"},{"id":1551,"name":"Elections","slug":"elections","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":508,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/elections\/"},{"id":1565,"name":"Political culture","slug":"political-culture","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":374,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/political-culture\/"},{"id":1566,"name":"Political parties","slug":"political-parties","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":245,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/political-parties\/"},{"id":1568,"name":"Rule of law","slug":"rule-of-law","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":106,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/rule-of-law\/"}]},"thumbnail":null},{"id":1685,"ID":1685,"post_type":"article","link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/articles\/ukraines-orange-revolution-kuchmas-failed-authoritarianism\/","excerpt":"

Desperate to secure victory for its own candidate in the 2004 presidential election, the incumbent regime undertook an unprecedented campaign of blatant election fraud. But it had underestimated the citizenry that it was trying to deceive.<\/p>\n","title":"Ukraine’s Orange Revolution: Kuchma’s Failed Authoritarianism","newsdate":false,"supplements":[],"attachments":[],"uploads":[],"issue_gratis":false,"gratis_flag":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/themes\/jod\/assets\/img\/free.svg","issue":{"id":1682,"name":"April 2005","slug":"april-2005","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":16,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/april-2005\/","volume":"16","issue":"2"},"class":"post-1685 article type-article status-publish hentry authors-lucan-a-way country-ukraine issue-april-2005 region-central-and-eastern-europe section-article subject-accountability subject-civil-society subject-democracy-promotion subject-democratic-consolidation subject-democratic-transition subject-elections subject-political-culture subject-rule-of-law","terms":{"authors":[{"id":655,"name":"Lucan A. Way","slug":"lucan-a-way","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":24,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/lucan-a-way\/"}],"country":[{"id":1512,"name":"Ukraine","slug":"ukraine","taxonomy":"country","parent":0,"count":58,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/countries\/ukraine\/"}],"issue":[{"id":1682,"name":"April 2005","slug":"april-2005","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":16,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/april-2005\/","volume":"16","issue":"2"}],"region":[{"id":1310,"name":"Central and Eastern Europe","slug":"central-and-eastern-europe","taxonomy":"region","parent":0,"count":252,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/regions\/central-and-eastern-europe\/"}],"section":[{"id":1528,"name":"Article","slug":"article","taxonomy":"section","parent":0,"count":761,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/sections\/article\/"}],"subject":[{"id":1538,"name":"Accountability","slug":"accountability","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":129,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/accountability\/"},{"id":1540,"name":"Civil society","slug":"civil-society","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":258,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/civil-society\/"},{"id":1546,"name":"Democracy promotion","slug":"democracy-promotion","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":149,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/democracy-promotion\/"},{"id":1547,"name":"Democratic consolidation","slug":"democratic-consolidation","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":243,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/democratic-consolidation\/"},{"id":1548,"name":"Democratic transition","slug":"democratic-transition","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":577,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/democratic-transition\/"},{"id":1551,"name":"Elections","slug":"elections","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":508,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/elections\/"},{"id":1565,"name":"Political culture","slug":"political-culture","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":374,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/political-culture\/"},{"id":1568,"name":"Rule of law","slug":"rule-of-law","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":106,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/rule-of-law\/"}]},"thumbnail":null},{"id":6979,"ID":6979,"post_type":"article","link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/articles\/the-coalition-for-a-clean-parliament\/","excerpt":"

This report is by\u00a0Alina Mungiu-Pippidi, president of the Romanian Academic Society, who heads the Coalition for a Clean Parliament.<\/p>\n","title":"The Coalition for a Clean Parliament","newsdate":false,"supplements":[],"attachments":[],"uploads":[],"issue_gratis":false,"gratis_flag":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/themes\/jod\/assets\/img\/free.svg","issue":{"id":1682,"name":"April 2005","slug":"april-2005","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":16,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/april-2005\/","volume":"16","issue":"2"},"class":"post-6979 article type-article status-publish hentry authors-alina-mungiu-pippidi country-romania issue-april-2005 region-balkans subject-accountability subject-civil-society subject-corruption","terms":{"authors":[{"id":371,"name":"Alina Mungiu-Pippidi","slug":"alina-mungiu-pippidi","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":14,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/alina-mungiu-pippidi\/"}],"country":[{"id":1474,"name":"Romania","slug":"romania","taxonomy":"country","parent":0,"count":16,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/countries\/romania\/"}],"issue":[{"id":1682,"name":"April 2005","slug":"april-2005","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":16,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/april-2005\/","volume":"16","issue":"2"}],"region":[{"id":1927,"name":"Balkans","slug":"balkans","taxonomy":"region","parent":0,"count":20,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/regions\/balkans\/"}],"subject":[{"id":1538,"name":"Accountability","slug":"accountability","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":129,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/accountability\/"},{"id":1540,"name":"Civil society","slug":"civil-society","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":258,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/civil-society\/"},{"id":1544,"name":"Corruption","slug":"corruption","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":187,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/corruption\/"}]},"thumbnail":null},{"id":1728,"ID":1728,"post_type":"article","link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/articles\/the-quality-of-democracy-an-overview\/","excerpt":"

Since most of the world’s sovereign states are now democracies, there is a growing scholarly focus on “good” or “better” democracy, and on how improvements can not only be measured, but encouraged.<\/p>\n","title":"The Quality of Democracy: An Overview","newsdate":false,"supplements":[],"attachments":[],"uploads":[],"issue_gratis":false,"gratis_flag":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/themes\/jod\/assets\/img\/free.svg","issue":{"id":1680,"name":"October 2004","slug":"october-2004","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":17,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/october-2004\/","volume":"15","issue":"4"},"class":"post-1728 article type-article status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry authors-larry-diamond authors-leonardo-morlino issue-october-2004 region-comparative-theoretical-general section-article subject-accountability subject-defining-democracy subject-rule-of-law","terms":{"authors":[{"id":266,"name":"Larry 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A ket to “modern representative political democracy” is accountability, but the task of assessing it must be carefully thought through.<\/p>\n","title":"The Quality of Democracy: The Ambiguous Virtues of Accountability","newsdate":false,"supplements":[],"attachments":[],"uploads":[],"issue_gratis":false,"gratis_flag":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/themes\/jod\/assets\/img\/free.svg","issue":{"id":1680,"name":"October 2004","slug":"october-2004","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":17,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/october-2004\/","volume":"15","issue":"4"},"class":"post-1732 article type-article status-publish hentry authors-philippe-c-schmitter issue-october-2004 region-comparative-theoretical-general section-article subject-accountability","terms":{"authors":[{"id":307,"name":"Philippe C. Schmitter","slug":"philippe-c-schmitter","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":10,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/philippe-c-schmitter\/"}],"issue":[{"id":1680,"name":"October 2004","slug":"october-2004","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":17,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/october-2004\/","volume":"15","issue":"4"}],"region":[{"id":1306,"name":"Comparative Theoretical General","slug":"comparative-theoretical-general","taxonomy":"region","parent":0,"count":492,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/regions\/comparative-theoretical-general\/"}],"section":[{"id":1528,"name":"Article","slug":"article","taxonomy":"section","parent":0,"count":761,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/sections\/article\/"}],"subject":[{"id":1538,"name":"Accountability","slug":"accountability","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":129,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/accountability\/"}]},"thumbnail":null},{"id":1734,"ID":1734,"post_type":"article","link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/articles\/the-quality-of-democracy-freedom-as-the-foundation\/","excerpt":"

Freedom has always been integral to democracy. How to guard liberty is a question every democratic regime must answer.<\/p>\n","title":"The Quality of Democracy: Freedom as the Foundation","newsdate":false,"supplements":[],"attachments":[],"uploads":[],"issue_gratis":false,"gratis_flag":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/themes\/jod\/assets\/img\/free.svg","issue":{"id":1680,"name":"October 2004","slug":"october-2004","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":17,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/october-2004\/","volume":"15","issue":"4"},"class":"post-1734 article type-article status-publish hentry authors-david-beetham issue-october-2004 region-advanced-democracies section-article subject-accountability subject-civil-society subject-defining-democracy subject-human-rights subject-political-culture","terms":{"authors":[{"id":699,"name":"David Beetham","slug":"david-beetham","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":1,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/david-beetham\/"}],"issue":[{"id":1680,"name":"October 2004","slug":"october-2004","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":17,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/october-2004\/","volume":"15","issue":"4"}],"region":[{"id":1305,"name":"Advanced Democracies","slug":"advanced-democracies","taxonomy":"region","parent":0,"count":99,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/regions\/advanced-democracies\/"}],"section":[{"id":1528,"name":"Article","slug":"article","taxonomy":"section","parent":0,"count":761,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/sections\/article\/"}],"subject":[{"id":1538,"name":"Accountability","slug":"accountability","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":129,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/accountability\/"},{"id":1540,"name":"Civil society","slug":"civil-society","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":258,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/civil-society\/"},{"id":1545,"name":"Defining democracy","slug":"defining-democracy","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":124,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/defining-democracy\/"},{"id":1557,"name":"Human rights","slug":"human-rights","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":77,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/human-rights\/"},{"id":1565,"name":"Political culture","slug":"political-culture","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":374,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/political-culture\/"}]},"thumbnail":null},{"id":1738,"ID":1738,"post_type":"article","link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/articles\/the-quality-of-democracy-the-chain-of-responsiveness\/","excerpt":"

Responsiveness may be conceived as a series of linkages intended to ensure that governments respect the preferences of the governed.<\/p>\n","title":"The Quality of Democracy: The Chain of Responsiveness","newsdate":false,"supplements":[],"attachments":[],"uploads":[],"issue_gratis":false,"gratis_flag":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/themes\/jod\/assets\/img\/free.svg","issue":{"id":1680,"name":"October 2004","slug":"october-2004","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":17,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/october-2004\/","volume":"15","issue":"4"},"class":"post-1738 article type-article status-publish hentry authors-g-bingham-powell issue-october-2004 region-comparative-theoretical-general section-article subject-accountability subject-elections","terms":{"authors":[{"id":701,"name":"G. Bingham Powell","slug":"g-bingham-powell","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":1,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/g-bingham-powell\/"}],"issue":[{"id":1680,"name":"October 2004","slug":"october-2004","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":17,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/october-2004\/","volume":"15","issue":"4"}],"region":[{"id":1306,"name":"Comparative Theoretical General","slug":"comparative-theoretical-general","taxonomy":"region","parent":0,"count":492,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/regions\/comparative-theoretical-general\/"}],"section":[{"id":1528,"name":"Article","slug":"article","taxonomy":"section","parent":0,"count":761,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/sections\/article\/"}],"subject":[{"id":1538,"name":"Accountability","slug":"accountability","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":129,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/accountability\/"},{"id":1551,"name":"Elections","slug":"elections","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":508,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/elections\/"}]},"thumbnail":null},{"id":1302,"ID":1302,"post_type":"article","link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/articles\/russian-democracy-in-eclipse-force-money-and-pluralism\/","excerpt":"

Post-Soviet Russia's future may well turn on the interplay of state power with the business interests that now form Russia's best hope for advances in political pluralism.<\/p>\n","title":"Russian Democracy in Eclipse: Force, Money, and Pluralism","newsdate":false,"supplements":[],"attachments":[{"title":"Sestanovich-15-3","link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/04\/Sestanovich-15-3.pdf","ext":"pdf","type":"application\/pdf"}],"uploads":[],"issue_gratis":true,"gratis_flag":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/themes\/jod\/assets\/img\/free.svg","issue":{"id":1679,"name":"July 2004","slug":"july-2004","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":16,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/july-2004\/","volume":"15","issue":"3"},"class":"post-1302 article type-article status-publish hentry authors-stephen-sestanovich country-russia issue-july-2004 region-eurasia section-article subject-accountability subject-democratic-consolidation subject-economic-development subject-elections subject-political-parties","terms":{"authors":[{"id":547,"name":"Stephen Sestanovich","slug":"stephen-sestanovich","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":3,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/stephen-sestanovich\/"}],"country":[{"id":1475,"name":"Russia","slug":"russia","taxonomy":"country","parent":0,"count":174,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/countries\/russia\/"}],"issue":[{"id":1679,"name":"July 2004","slug":"july-2004","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":16,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/july-2004\/","volume":"15","issue":"3"}],"region":[{"id":1309,"name":"Eurasia","slug":"eurasia","taxonomy":"region","parent":0,"count":210,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/regions\/eurasia\/"}],"section":[{"id":1528,"name":"Article","slug":"article","taxonomy":"section","parent":0,"count":761,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/sections\/article\/"}],"subject":[{"id":1538,"name":"Accountability","slug":"accountability","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":129,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/accountability\/"},{"id":1547,"name":"Democratic consolidation","slug":"democratic-consolidation","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":243,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/democratic-consolidation\/"},{"id":1549,"name":"Economic development","slug":"economic-development","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":172,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/economic-development\/"},{"id":1551,"name":"Elections","slug":"elections","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":508,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/elections\/"},{"id":1566,"name":"Political parties","slug":"political-parties","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":245,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/political-parties\/"}]},"thumbnail":null},{"id":1762,"ID":1762,"post_type":"article","link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/articles\/russian-democracy-in-eclipse-the-liberal-debacle\/","excerpt":"

Russia's liberal-democratic parties have failed. It is time for a new movement that can gain the trust of the Russian people by putting forward a full reform program based on liberal and democratic principles.<\/p>\n","title":"Russian Democracy in Eclipse: The Liberal Debacle","newsdate":false,"supplements":[],"attachments":[],"uploads":[],"issue_gratis":false,"gratis_flag":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/themes\/jod\/assets\/img\/free.svg","issue":{"id":1679,"name":"July 2004","slug":"july-2004","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":16,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/july-2004\/","volume":"15","issue":"3"},"class":"post-1762 article type-article status-publish hentry authors-vladimir-ryzhkov country-russia issue-july-2004 region-central-and-eastern-europe section-article subject-accountability subject-corruption subject-elections subject-political-parties","terms":{"authors":[{"id":709,"name":"Vladimir Ryzhkov","slug":"vladimir-ryzhkov","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":1,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/vladimir-ryzhkov\/"}],"country":[{"id":1475,"name":"Russia","slug":"russia","taxonomy":"country","parent":0,"count":174,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/countries\/russia\/"}],"issue":[{"id":1679,"name":"July 2004","slug":"july-2004","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":16,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/july-2004\/","volume":"15","issue":"3"}],"region":[{"id":1310,"name":"Central and Eastern Europe","slug":"central-and-eastern-europe","taxonomy":"region","parent":0,"count":252,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/regions\/central-and-eastern-europe\/"}],"section":[{"id":1528,"name":"Article","slug":"article","taxonomy":"section","parent":0,"count":761,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/sections\/article\/"}],"subject":[{"id":1538,"name":"Accountability","slug":"accountability","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":129,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/accountability\/"},{"id":1544,"name":"Corruption","slug":"corruption","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":187,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/corruption\/"},{"id":1551,"name":"Elections","slug":"elections","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":508,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/elections\/"},{"id":1566,"name":"Political parties","slug":"political-parties","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":245,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/political-parties\/"}]},"thumbnail":null},{"id":1766,"ID":1766,"post_type":"article","link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/articles\/russian-democracy-in-eclipse-the-limits-of-bureaucratic-authoritarianism\/","excerpt":"

Vladimir Putin aspires to be a classic authoritarian modernizer, but in today's globalized world Russia faces challenges that bureaucratic centralization and a traditional strong hand cannot meet.<\/p>\n","title":"Russian Democracy in Eclipse: The Limits of Bureaucratic Authoritarianism","newsdate":false,"supplements":[],"attachments":[],"uploads":[],"issue_gratis":false,"gratis_flag":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/themes\/jod\/assets\/img\/free.svg","issue":{"id":1679,"name":"July 2004","slug":"july-2004","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":16,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/july-2004\/","volume":"15","issue":"3"},"class":"post-1766 article type-article status-publish hentry authors-lilia-shevtsova country-russia issue-july-2004 region-eurasia section-article subject-accountability subject-defining-democracy subject-democratic-consolidation subject-political-culture","terms":{"authors":[{"id":375,"name":"Lilia Shevtsova","slug":"lilia-shevtsova","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":15,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/lilia-shevtsova\/"}],"country":[{"id":1475,"name":"Russia","slug":"russia","taxonomy":"country","parent":0,"count":174,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/countries\/russia\/"}],"issue":[{"id":1679,"name":"July 2004","slug":"july-2004","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":16,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/july-2004\/","volume":"15","issue":"3"}],"region":[{"id":1309,"name":"Eurasia","slug":"eurasia","taxonomy":"region","parent":0,"count":210,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/regions\/eurasia\/"}],"section":[{"id":1528,"name":"Article","slug":"article","taxonomy":"section","parent":0,"count":761,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/sections\/article\/"}],"subject":[{"id":1538,"name":"Accountability","slug":"accountability","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":129,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/accountability\/"},{"id":1545,"name":"Defining democracy","slug":"defining-democracy","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":124,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/defining-democracy\/"},{"id":1547,"name":"Democratic consolidation","slug":"democratic-consolidation","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":243,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/democratic-consolidation\/"},{"id":1565,"name":"Political culture","slug":"political-culture","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":374,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/political-culture\/"}]},"thumbnail":null},{"id":1851,"ID":1851,"post_type":"article","link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/articles\/making-sense-of-the-eu-democracy-in-europe-and-europes-democratization\/","excerpt":"

Europe faces a potentially dangerous “double bind”: The legitimacy of domestic democracy in the member states is waning, and citizens are increasingly unhappy with the EU’s lack of accountability—but the new draft Constitution fails to address the problem.<\/p>\n","title":"Making Sense of the EU: Democracy in Europe and Europe’s Democratization","newsdate":false,"supplements":[],"attachments":[],"uploads":[],"issue_gratis":false,"gratis_flag":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/themes\/jod\/assets\/img\/free.svg","issue":{"id":1676,"name":"October 2003","slug":"october-2003","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":16,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/october-2003\/","volume":"14","issue":"4"},"class":"post-1851 article type-article status-publish hentry authors-philippe-c-schmitter issue-october-2003 region-comparative-theoretical-general section-article subject-accountability subject-european-union","terms":{"authors":[{"id":307,"name":"Philippe C. Schmitter","slug":"philippe-c-schmitter","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":10,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/philippe-c-schmitter\/"}],"issue":[{"id":1676,"name":"October 2003","slug":"october-2003","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":16,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/october-2003\/","volume":"14","issue":"4"}],"region":[{"id":1306,"name":"Comparative Theoretical General","slug":"comparative-theoretical-general","taxonomy":"region","parent":0,"count":492,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/regions\/comparative-theoretical-general\/"}],"section":[{"id":1528,"name":"Article","slug":"article","taxonomy":"section","parent":0,"count":761,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/sections\/article\/"}],"subject":[{"id":1538,"name":"Accountability","slug":"accountability","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":129,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/accountability\/"},{"id":1553,"name":"European Union","slug":"european-union","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":63,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/european-union\/"}]},"thumbnail":null},{"id":1881,"ID":1881,"post_type":"article","link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/articles\/political-freedom-economic-liberty-and-prosperity\/","excerpt":"

Liberty and self-government are not only good in themselves, but also have powerful and beneficial effects on a nation’s level of economic development and prosperity.<\/p>\n","title":"Political Freedom, Economic Liberty, and Prosperity","newsdate":false,"supplements":[],"attachments":[],"uploads":[],"issue_gratis":false,"gratis_flag":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/themes\/jod\/assets\/img\/free.svg","issue":{"id":1675,"name":"July 2003","slug":"july-2003","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":16,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/july-2003\/","volume":"14","issue":"3"},"class":"post-1881 article type-article status-publish hentry authors-john-talbott authors-richard-roll issue-july-2003 region-comparative-theoretical-general section-article subject-accountability subject-capitalism subject-corruption subject-democracy-promotion subject-economic-development subject-economic-reform subject-elections subject-globalization subject-political-culture subject-political-parties","terms":{"authors":[{"id":750,"name":"Richard Roll","slug":"richard-roll","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":1,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/richard-roll\/"},{"id":751,"name":"John Talbott","slug":"john-talbott","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":1,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/john-talbott\/"}],"issue":[{"id":1675,"name":"July 2003","slug":"july-2003","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":16,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/july-2003\/","volume":"14","issue":"3"}],"region":[{"id":1306,"name":"Comparative Theoretical General","slug":"comparative-theoretical-general","taxonomy":"region","parent":0,"count":492,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/regions\/comparative-theoretical-general\/"}],"section":[{"id":1528,"name":"Article","slug":"article","taxonomy":"section","parent":0,"count":761,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/sections\/article\/"}],"subject":[{"id":1538,"name":"Accountability","slug":"accountability","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":129,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/accountability\/"},{"id":1539,"name":"Capitalism","slug":"capitalism","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":51,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/capitalism\/"},{"id":1544,"name":"Corruption","slug":"corruption","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":187,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/corruption\/"},{"id":1546,"name":"Democracy promotion","slug":"democracy-promotion","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":149,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/democracy-promotion\/"},{"id":1549,"name":"Economic development","slug":"economic-development","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":172,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/economic-development\/"},{"id":1550,"name":"Economic reform","slug":"economic-reform","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":110,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/economic-reform\/"},{"id":1551,"name":"Elections","slug":"elections","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":508,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/elections\/"},{"id":1556,"name":"Globalization","slug":"globalization","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":31,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/globalization\/"},{"id":1565,"name":"Political culture","slug":"political-culture","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":374,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/political-culture\/"},{"id":1566,"name":"Political parties","slug":"political-parties","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":245,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/political-parties\/"}]},"thumbnail":null},{"id":1889,"ID":1889,"post_type":"article","link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/articles\/nigeria-elections-in-a-fragile-regime\/","excerpt":"

The election cycle concluding in the spring of 2003 was a guarded success. High hurdles to better governance and democratic consolidation remain, but Nigerians can now face them with greater hope.<\/p>\n","title":"Nigeria: Elections in a Fragile Regime","newsdate":false,"supplements":[],"attachments":[],"uploads":[],"issue_gratis":false,"gratis_flag":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/themes\/jod\/assets\/img\/free.svg","issue":{"id":1675,"name":"July 2003","slug":"july-2003","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":16,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/july-2003\/","volume":"14","issue":"3"},"class":"post-1889 article type-article status-publish hentry authors-peter-lewis country-nigeria issue-july-2003 region-africa section-article subject-accountability subject-corruption subject-democratic-consolidation subject-economic-development subject-elections subject-media subject-political-culture subject-political-parties","terms":{"authors":[{"id":491,"name":"Peter M. Lewis","slug":"peter-lewis","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":8,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/peter-lewis\/"}],"country":[{"id":1459,"name":"Nigeria","slug":"nigeria","taxonomy":"country","parent":0,"count":15,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/countries\/nigeria\/"}],"issue":[{"id":1675,"name":"July 2003","slug":"july-2003","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":16,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/july-2003\/","volume":"14","issue":"3"}],"region":[{"id":1307,"name":"Africa","slug":"africa","taxonomy":"region","parent":0,"count":251,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/regions\/africa\/"}],"section":[{"id":1528,"name":"Article","slug":"article","taxonomy":"section","parent":0,"count":761,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/sections\/article\/"}],"subject":[{"id":1538,"name":"Accountability","slug":"accountability","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":129,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/accountability\/"},{"id":1544,"name":"Corruption","slug":"corruption","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":187,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/corruption\/"},{"id":1547,"name":"Democratic consolidation","slug":"democratic-consolidation","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":243,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/democratic-consolidation\/"},{"id":1549,"name":"Economic development","slug":"economic-development","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":172,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/economic-development\/"},{"id":1551,"name":"Elections","slug":"elections","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":508,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/elections\/"},{"id":1561,"name":"Media","slug":"media","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":60,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/media\/"},{"id":1565,"name":"Political culture","slug":"political-culture","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":374,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/political-culture\/"},{"id":1566,"name":"Political parties","slug":"political-parties","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":245,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/political-parties\/"}]},"thumbnail":null},{"id":1949,"ID":1949,"post_type":"article","link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/articles\/the-deadlock-in-iran-pressures-from-below\/","excerpt":"

Despite today’s gridlock, there are grounds for hope in the widespread embrace of democratic ideals by young people.<\/p>\n","title":"The Deadlock in Iran: Pressures from Below","newsdate":false,"supplements":[],"attachments":[],"uploads":[],"issue_gratis":false,"gratis_flag":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/themes\/jod\/assets\/img\/free.svg","issue":{"id":1673,"name":"January 2003","slug":"january-2003","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":22,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/january-2003\/","volume":"14","issue":"1"},"class":"post-1949 article type-article status-publish hentry authors-ramin-jahanbegloo country-iran issue-january-2003 region-asia section-article subject-accountability subject-democratic-consolidation subject-islam subject-public-opinion subject-religion","terms":{"authors":[{"id":770,"name":"Ramin Jahanbegloo","slug":"ramin-jahanbegloo","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":2,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/ramin-jahanbegloo\/"}],"country":[{"id":1407,"name":"Iran","slug":"iran","taxonomy":"country","parent":0,"count":44,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/countries\/iran\/"}],"issue":[{"id":1673,"name":"January 2003","slug":"january-2003","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":22,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/january-2003\/","volume":"14","issue":"1"}],"region":[{"id":1308,"name":"Asia","slug":"asia","taxonomy":"region","parent":0,"count":274,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/regions\/asia\/"}],"section":[{"id":1528,"name":"Article","slug":"article","taxonomy":"section","parent":0,"count":761,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/sections\/article\/"}],"subject":[{"id":1538,"name":"Accountability","slug":"accountability","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":129,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/accountability\/"},{"id":1547,"name":"Democratic consolidation","slug":"democratic-consolidation","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":243,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/democratic-consolidation\/"},{"id":1559,"name":"Islam","slug":"islam","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":103,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/islam\/"},{"id":1579,"name":"Public opinion","slug":"public-opinion","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":99,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/public-opinion\/"},{"id":1567,"name":"Religion","slug":"religion","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":97,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/religion\/"}]},"thumbnail":null},{"id":1969,"ID":1969,"post_type":"article","link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/articles\/democratization-in-the-arab-world-stirrings-in-saudi-arabia\/","excerpt":"

Saudi Arabia would seem to exemplify full-blown authoritarianism. Yet there are trends pushing the country toward more open politics.<\/p>\n","title":"Democratization in the Arab World?: Stirrings in Saudi Arabia","newsdate":false,"supplements":[],"attachments":[],"uploads":[],"issue_gratis":false,"gratis_flag":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/themes\/jod\/assets\/img\/free.svg","issue":{"id":1672,"name":"October 2002","slug":"october-2002","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":19,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/october-2002\/","volume":"13","issue":"4"},"class":"post-1969 article type-article status-publish hentry authors-jean-francois-seznec country-saudi-arabia issue-october-2002 region-middle-east-and-north-africa section-article subject-accountability subject-democratic-transition subject-islam","terms":{"authors":[{"id":779,"name":"Jean-Francois Seznec","slug":"jean-francois-seznec","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":1,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/jean-francois-seznec\/"}],"country":[{"id":1481,"name":"Saudi Arabia","slug":"saudi-arabia","taxonomy":"country","parent":0,"count":8,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/countries\/saudi-arabia\/"}],"issue":[{"id":1672,"name":"October 2002","slug":"october-2002","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":19,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/october-2002\/","volume":"13","issue":"4"}],"region":[{"id":1314,"name":"Middle East and North Africa","slug":"middle-east-and-north-africa","taxonomy":"region","parent":0,"count":265,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/regions\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/"}],"section":[{"id":1528,"name":"Article","slug":"article","taxonomy":"section","parent":0,"count":761,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/sections\/article\/"}],"subject":[{"id":1538,"name":"Accountability","slug":"accountability","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":129,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/accountability\/"},{"id":1548,"name":"Democratic transition","slug":"democratic-transition","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":577,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/democratic-transition\/"},{"id":1559,"name":"Islam","slug":"islam","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":103,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/islam\/"}]},"thumbnail":null},{"id":2031,"ID":2031,"post_type":"article","link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/articles\/elections-without-democracy-the-rise-of-competitive-authoritarianism\/","excerpt":"

In recent years, new types of nondemocratic government have come to the fore, notably competitive authoritarianism. Such regimes, though not democratic, feature arenas of contestation in which opposition forces can challenge, and even oust, authoritarian incumbents.<\/p>\n","title":"Elections Without Democracy: The Rise of Competitive Authoritarianism","newsdate":false,"supplements":[],"attachments":[],"uploads":[],"issue_gratis":false,"gratis_flag":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/themes\/jod\/assets\/img\/free.svg","issue":{"id":1670,"name":"April 2002","slug":"april-2002","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":14,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/april-2002\/","volume":"13","issue":"2"},"class":"post-2031 article type-article status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry authors-lucan-a-way authors-steven-levitsky issue-april-2002 region-comparative-theoretical-general section-article subject-accountability subject-competitive-authoritarianism subject-democracy-promotion subject-democratic-consolidation subject-media","terms":{"authors":[{"id":297,"name":"Steven Levitsky","slug":"steven-levitsky","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":18,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/steven-levitsky\/"},{"id":655,"name":"Lucan A. 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authoritarianism","slug":"competitive-authoritarianism","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":43,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/competitive-authoritarianism\/"},{"id":1546,"name":"Democracy promotion","slug":"democracy-promotion","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":149,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/democracy-promotion\/"},{"id":1547,"name":"Democratic consolidation","slug":"democratic-consolidation","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":243,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/democratic-consolidation\/"},{"id":1561,"name":"Media","slug":"media","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":60,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/media\/"}]},"thumbnail":{"id":23203,"src":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/08\/13.2-Levitsky-photo-scaled.jpg","srcset":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/08\/13.2-Levitsky-photo-scaled.jpg 2560w, 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Today, Africa south of the Sahara has a relatively small number of both democracies and full-blown dictatorships,along with a large number of hard-to-define regimes that fit neither category.<\/p>\n","title":"Elections Without Democracy: Africa’s Range of Regimes","newsdate":false,"supplements":[],"attachments":[],"uploads":[],"issue_gratis":false,"gratis_flag":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/themes\/jod\/assets\/img\/free.svg","issue":{"id":1670,"name":"April 2002","slug":"april-2002","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":14,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/april-2002\/","volume":"13","issue":"2"},"class":"post-2033 article type-article status-publish hentry authors-nicolas-van-de-walle issue-april-2002 region-africa section-article subject-accountability subject-competitive-authoritarianism subject-elections subject-political-culture subject-political-parties","terms":{"authors":[{"id":355,"name":"Nicolas van de Walle","slug":"nicolas-van-de-walle","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":4,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/nicolas-van-de-walle\/"}],"issue":[{"id":1670,"name":"April 2002","slug":"april-2002","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":14,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/april-2002\/","volume":"13","issue":"2"}],"region":[{"id":1307,"name":"Africa","slug":"africa","taxonomy":"region","parent":0,"count":251,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/regions\/africa\/"}],"section":[{"id":1528,"name":"Article","slug":"article","taxonomy":"section","parent":0,"count":761,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/sections\/article\/"}],"subject":[{"id":1538,"name":"Accountability","slug":"accountability","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":129,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/accountability\/"},{"id":1571,"name":"Competitive authoritarianism","slug":"competitive-authoritarianism","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":43,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/competitive-authoritarianism\/"},{"id":1551,"name":"Elections","slug":"elections","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":508,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/elections\/"},{"id":1565,"name":"Political culture","slug":"political-culture","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":374,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/political-culture\/"},{"id":1566,"name":"Political parties","slug":"political-parties","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":245,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/political-parties\/"}]},"thumbnail":null},{"id":2169,"ID":2169,"post_type":"article","link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/articles\/political-competition-and-economic-growth\/","excerpt":"

Under many nondemocratic systems, good policy is bad politics, and bad policy helps leaders stay in office. The result is poorer performance in terms of economic growth.<\/p>\n","title":"Political Competition and Economic Growth","newsdate":false,"supplements":[],"attachments":[],"uploads":[],"issue_gratis":false,"gratis_flag":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/themes\/jod\/assets\/img\/free.svg","issue":{"id":1665,"name":"January 2001","slug":"january-2001","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":16,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/january-2001\/","volume":"12","issue":"1"},"class":"post-2169 article type-article status-publish hentry authors-alastair-smith authors-bruce-bueno-de-mesquita authors-james-d-morrow authors-randolph-siverson issue-january-2001 region-comparative-theoretical-general section-article subject-accountability subject-economic-development subject-political-culture","terms":{"authors":[{"id":851,"name":"Bruce Bueno de Mesquita","slug":"bruce-bueno-de-mesquita","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":1,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/bruce-bueno-de-mesquita\/"},{"id":852,"name":"James D. Morrow","slug":"james-d-morrow","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":1,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/james-d-morrow\/"},{"id":853,"name":"Randolph Siverson","slug":"randolph-siverson","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":1,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/randolph-siverson\/"},{"id":854,"name":"Alastair Smith","slug":"alastair-smith","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":1,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/alastair-smith\/"}],"issue":[{"id":1665,"name":"January 2001","slug":"january-2001","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":16,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/january-2001\/","volume":"12","issue":"1"}],"region":[{"id":1306,"name":"Comparative Theoretical General","slug":"comparative-theoretical-general","taxonomy":"region","parent":0,"count":492,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/regions\/comparative-theoretical-general\/"}],"section":[{"id":1528,"name":"Article","slug":"article","taxonomy":"section","parent":0,"count":761,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/sections\/article\/"}],"subject":[{"id":1538,"name":"Accountability","slug":"accountability","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":129,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/accountability\/"},{"id":1549,"name":"Economic development","slug":"economic-development","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":172,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/economic-development\/"},{"id":1565,"name":"Political culture","slug":"political-culture","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":374,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/political-culture\/"}]},"thumbnail":null},{"id":2184,"ID":2184,"post_type":"article","link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/articles\/fighting-authoritarianism-in-zimbabwe\/","excerpt":"

The stunning defeat of a draft constitution backed by President Robert Mugabe and the opposition\u2019s unexpectedly strong showing in the June 2000 parliamentary elections may have marked the beginning of the end of ruling-party hegemony in Zimbabwe.<\/p>\n","title":"Fighting Authoritarianism in Zimbabwe","newsdate":false,"supplements":[],"attachments":[],"uploads":[],"issue_gratis":false,"gratis_flag":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/themes\/jod\/assets\/img\/free.svg","issue":{"id":1665,"name":"January 2001","slug":"january-2001","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":16,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/january-2001\/","volume":"12","issue":"1"},"class":"post-2184 article type-article status-publish hentry authors-masipula-sithole country-zimbabwe issue-january-2001 region-africa section-article section-field-report subject-accountability subject-authoritarianism subject-civil-society subject-elections","terms":{"authors":[{"id":858,"name":"Masipula Sithole","slug":"masipula-sithole","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":2,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/masipula-sithole\/"}],"country":[{"id":1524,"name":"Zimbabwe","slug":"zimbabwe","taxonomy":"country","parent":0,"count":11,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/countries\/zimbabwe\/"}],"issue":[{"id":1665,"name":"January 2001","slug":"january-2001","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":16,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/january-2001\/","volume":"12","issue":"1"}],"region":[{"id":1307,"name":"Africa","slug":"africa","taxonomy":"region","parent":0,"count":251,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/regions\/africa\/"}],"section":[{"id":1528,"name":"Article","slug":"article","taxonomy":"section","parent":0,"count":761,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/sections\/article\/"},{"id":1533,"name":"Field Report","slug":"field-report","taxonomy":"section","parent":0,"count":33,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/sections\/field-report\/"}],"subject":[{"id":1538,"name":"Accountability","slug":"accountability","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":129,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/accountability\/"},{"id":1570,"name":"Authoritarianism","slug":"authoritarianism","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":306,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/authoritarianism\/"},{"id":1540,"name":"Civil society","slug":"civil-society","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":258,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/civil-society\/"},{"id":1551,"name":"Elections","slug":"elections","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":508,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/elections\/"}]},"thumbnail":null},{"id":2210,"ID":2210,"post_type":"article","link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/articles\/is-iran-democratizing-a-comparativists-perspective\/","excerpt":"

The uneasy accommodation of competing visions of authority that has characterized Iran’s political system since 1979 is a familiar phenomenon in the Middle East and elsewhere.<\/p>\n","title":"Is Iran Democratizing? A Comparativist’s Perspective","newsdate":false,"supplements":[],"attachments":[],"uploads":[],"issue_gratis":false,"gratis_flag":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/themes\/jod\/assets\/img\/free.svg","issue":{"id":1664,"name":"October 2000","slug":"october-2000","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":20,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/october-2000\/","volume":"11","issue":"4"},"class":"post-2210 article type-article status-publish hentry authors-daniel-brumberg country-iran issue-october-2000 region-middle-east-and-north-africa section-article subject-accountability subject-democratic-transition subject-islam subject-political-parties subject-religion","terms":{"authors":[{"id":287,"name":"Daniel Brumberg","slug":"daniel-brumberg","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":8,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/daniel-brumberg\/"}],"country":[{"id":1407,"name":"Iran","slug":"iran","taxonomy":"country","parent":0,"count":44,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/countries\/iran\/"}],"issue":[{"id":1664,"name":"October 2000","slug":"october-2000","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":20,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/october-2000\/","volume":"11","issue":"4"}],"region":[{"id":1314,"name":"Middle East and North Africa","slug":"middle-east-and-north-africa","taxonomy":"region","parent":0,"count":265,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/regions\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/"}],"section":[{"id":1528,"name":"Article","slug":"article","taxonomy":"section","parent":0,"count":761,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/sections\/article\/"}],"subject":[{"id":1538,"name":"Accountability","slug":"accountability","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":129,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/accountability\/"},{"id":1548,"name":"Democratic transition","slug":"democratic-transition","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":577,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/democratic-transition\/"},{"id":1559,"name":"Islam","slug":"islam","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":103,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/islam\/"},{"id":1566,"name":"Political parties","slug":"political-parties","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":245,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/political-parties\/"},{"id":1567,"name":"Religion","slug":"religion","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":97,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/religion\/"}]},"thumbnail":null},{"id":2214,"ID":2214,"post_type":"article","link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/articles\/is-iran-democratizing-voices-from-within-excerpts-from-the-iranian-press\/","excerpt":"

Four excerpts from the Iranian press-on elections and democracy and on religious intolerance and intellectual pluralism-suggest the extent to which democratic thinking has gained a foothold in Iran.<\/p>\n","title":"Is Iran Democratizing? Voices From Within: Excerpts from the Iranian Press","newsdate":false,"supplements":[],"attachments":[],"uploads":[],"issue_gratis":false,"gratis_flag":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/themes\/jod\/assets\/img\/free.svg","issue":{"id":1664,"name":"October 2000","slug":"october-2000","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":20,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/october-2000\/","volume":"11","issue":"4"},"class":"post-2214 article type-article status-publish hentry authors-ali-reza-dast-afchan authors-hassan-youssefi-ashkevari authors-mahmoud-fazeli-birjandi authors-the-editors-of-kiyan country-iran issue-october-2000 region-middle-east-and-north-africa section-article subject-accountability subject-corruption subject-democratic-transition subject-elections subject-religion","terms":{"authors":[{"id":866,"name":"Mahmoud Fazeli Birjandi","slug":"mahmoud-fazeli-birjandi","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":1,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/mahmoud-fazeli-birjandi\/"},{"id":867,"name":"Hassan Youssefi-Ashkevari","slug":"hassan-youssefi-ashkevari","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":1,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/hassan-youssefi-ashkevari\/"},{"id":868,"name":"Ali-Reza Dast Afchan","slug":"ali-reza-dast-afchan","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":1,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/ali-reza-dast-afchan\/"},{"id":869,"name":"The Editors of Kiyan","slug":"the-editors-of-kiyan","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":1,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/the-editors-of-kiyan\/"}],"country":[{"id":1407,"name":"Iran","slug":"iran","taxonomy":"country","parent":0,"count":44,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/countries\/iran\/"}],"issue":[{"id":1664,"name":"October 2000","slug":"october-2000","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":20,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/october-2000\/","volume":"11","issue":"4"}],"region":[{"id":1314,"name":"Middle East and North Africa","slug":"middle-east-and-north-africa","taxonomy":"region","parent":0,"count":265,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/regions\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/"}],"section":[{"id":1528,"name":"Article","slug":"article","taxonomy":"section","parent":0,"count":761,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/sections\/article\/"}],"subject":[{"id":1538,"name":"Accountability","slug":"accountability","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":129,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/accountability\/"},{"id":1544,"name":"Corruption","slug":"corruption","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":187,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/corruption\/"},{"id":1548,"name":"Democratic transition","slug":"democratic-transition","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":577,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/democratic-transition\/"},{"id":1551,"name":"Elections","slug":"elections","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":508,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/elections\/"},{"id":1567,"name":"Religion","slug":"religion","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":97,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/religion\/"}]},"thumbnail":null},{"id":2216,"ID":2216,"post_type":"article","link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/articles\/societal-accountability-in-latin-america\/","excerpt":"

Recent studies of democracy in Latin America overlook the role of civil society as an agent of accountability.<\/p>\n","title":"Societal Accountability in Latin America","newsdate":false,"supplements":[],"attachments":[],"uploads":[],"issue_gratis":false,"gratis_flag":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/themes\/jod\/assets\/img\/free.svg","issue":{"id":1664,"name":"October 2000","slug":"october-2000","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":20,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/october-2000\/","volume":"11","issue":"4"},"class":"post-2216 article type-article status-publish hentry authors-catalina-smulovitz authors-enrique-peruzzotti issue-october-2000 region-latin-america-and-the-caribbean section-article subject-accountability subject-civil-military-relations subject-corruption subject-media subject-rule-of-law","terms":{"authors":[{"id":870,"name":"Catalina Smulovitz","slug":"catalina-smulovitz","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":1,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/catalina-smulovitz\/"},{"id":871,"name":"Enrique Peruzzotti","slug":"enrique-peruzzotti","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":1,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/enrique-peruzzotti\/"}],"issue":[{"id":1664,"name":"October 2000","slug":"october-2000","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":20,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/october-2000\/","volume":"11","issue":"4"}],"region":[{"id":1313,"name":"Latin America and the Caribbean","slug":"latin-america-and-the-caribbean","taxonomy":"region","parent":0,"count":311,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/regions\/latin-america-and-the-caribbean\/"}],"section":[{"id":1528,"name":"Article","slug":"article","taxonomy":"section","parent":0,"count":761,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/sections\/article\/"}],"subject":[{"id":1538,"name":"Accountability","slug":"accountability","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":129,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/accountability\/"},{"id":1541,"name":"Civil-military relations","slug":"civil-military-relations","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":126,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/civil-military-relations\/"},{"id":1544,"name":"Corruption","slug":"corruption","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":187,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/corruption\/"},{"id":1561,"name":"Media","slug":"media","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":60,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/media\/"},{"id":1568,"name":"Rule of law","slug":"rule-of-law","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":106,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/rule-of-law\/"}]},"thumbnail":null},{"id":2234,"ID":2234,"post_type":"article","link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/articles\/arabs-and-democracy-a-record-of-failure\/","excerpt":"

Democracy is spreading everywhere except in the Arab world. Arab elections are an immense masquerade. Corrupt dictatorships seek to stifle freedom of thought and to control the flow of information.<\/p>\n","title":"Arabs and Democracy: A Record of Failure","newsdate":false,"supplements":[],"attachments":[],"uploads":[],"issue_gratis":false,"gratis_flag":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/themes\/jod\/assets\/img\/free.svg","issue":{"id":1663,"name":"July 2000","slug":"july-2000","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":18,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/july-2000\/","volume":"11","issue":"3"},"class":"post-2234 article type-article status-publish hentry authors-mohamed-talbi authors-xerxes-spencer issue-july-2000 region-middle-east-and-north-africa section-article subject-accountability subject-authoritarianism subject-corruption subject-economic-development subject-human-rights subject-rule-of-law","terms":{"authors":[{"id":876,"name":"Mohamed Talbi","slug":"mohamed-talbi","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":1,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/mohamed-talbi\/"},{"id":951,"name":"Xerxes Spencer","slug":"xerxes-spencer","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":2,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/xerxes-spencer\/"}],"issue":[{"id":1663,"name":"July 2000","slug":"july-2000","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":18,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/july-2000\/","volume":"11","issue":"3"}],"region":[{"id":1314,"name":"Middle East and North Africa","slug":"middle-east-and-north-africa","taxonomy":"region","parent":0,"count":265,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/regions\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/"}],"section":[{"id":1528,"name":"Article","slug":"article","taxonomy":"section","parent":0,"count":761,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/sections\/article\/"}],"subject":[{"id":1538,"name":"Accountability","slug":"accountability","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":129,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/accountability\/"},{"id":1570,"name":"Authoritarianism","slug":"authoritarianism","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":306,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/authoritarianism\/"},{"id":1544,"name":"Corruption","slug":"corruption","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":187,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/corruption\/"},{"id":1549,"name":"Economic development","slug":"economic-development","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":172,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/economic-development\/"},{"id":1557,"name":"Human rights","slug":"human-rights","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":77,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/human-rights\/"},{"id":1568,"name":"Rule of law","slug":"rule-of-law","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":106,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/rule-of-law\/"}]},"thumbnail":null},{"id":2238,"ID":2238,"post_type":"article","link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/articles\/arabs-and-democracy-the-awakening-of-civil-society\/","excerpt":"

While despotic Arab regimes may seem stable, change is brewing beneath the surface. A new era is emerging in which the state will be forced to retreat before a vibrant civil society.<\/p>\n","title":"Arabs and Democracy: The Awakening of Civil Society","newsdate":false,"supplements":[],"attachments":[],"uploads":[],"issue_gratis":false,"gratis_flag":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/themes\/jod\/assets\/img\/free.svg","issue":{"id":1663,"name":"July 2000","slug":"july-2000","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":18,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/july-2000\/","volume":"11","issue":"3"},"class":"post-2238 article type-article status-publish hentry authors-laith-kubba issue-july-2000 region-middle-east-and-north-africa section-article subject-accountability subject-authoritarianism subject-civil-society subject-democratic-transition subject-political-culture subject-rule-of-law","terms":{"authors":[{"id":517,"name":"Laith Kubba","slug":"laith-kubba","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":4,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/laith-kubba\/"}],"issue":[{"id":1663,"name":"July 2000","slug":"july-2000","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":18,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/july-2000\/","volume":"11","issue":"3"}],"region":[{"id":1314,"name":"Middle East and North Africa","slug":"middle-east-and-north-africa","taxonomy":"region","parent":0,"count":265,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/regions\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/"}],"section":[{"id":1528,"name":"Article","slug":"article","taxonomy":"section","parent":0,"count":761,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/sections\/article\/"}],"subject":[{"id":1538,"name":"Accountability","slug":"accountability","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":129,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/accountability\/"},{"id":1570,"name":"Authoritarianism","slug":"authoritarianism","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":306,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/authoritarianism\/"},{"id":1540,"name":"Civil society","slug":"civil-society","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":258,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/civil-society\/"},{"id":1548,"name":"Democratic transition","slug":"democratic-transition","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":577,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/democratic-transition\/"},{"id":1565,"name":"Political culture","slug":"political-culture","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":374,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/political-culture\/"},{"id":1568,"name":"Rule of law","slug":"rule-of-law","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":106,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/rule-of-law\/"}]},"thumbnail":null},{"id":2240,"ID":2240,"post_type":"article","link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/articles\/is-pakistan-the-reverse-wave-of-the-future\/","excerpt":"

Pakistan’s descent into authoritarian rule starkly depicts the “triple crisis of governance” that threatens many third-wave democracies. If these problems of governance are not addressed, a new “reverse wave” of democratization could be imminent.<\/p>\n","title":"Is Pakistan the (Reverse) Wave of the Future?","newsdate":false,"supplements":[],"attachments":[],"uploads":[],"issue_gratis":false,"gratis_flag":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/themes\/jod\/assets\/img\/free.svg","issue":{"id":1663,"name":"July 2000","slug":"july-2000","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":18,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/july-2000\/","volume":"11","issue":"3"},"class":"post-2240 article type-article status-publish hentry authors-larry-diamond issue-july-2000 region-comparative-theoretical-general section-article subject-accountability subject-civil-society subject-democratic-consolidation subject-democratic-decline subject-rule-of-law","terms":{"authors":[{"id":266,"name":"Larry Diamond","slug":"larry-diamond","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":59,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/larry-diamond\/"}],"issue":[{"id":1663,"name":"July 2000","slug":"july-2000","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":18,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/july-2000\/","volume":"11","issue":"3"}],"region":[{"id":1306,"name":"Comparative Theoretical General","slug":"comparative-theoretical-general","taxonomy":"region","parent":0,"count":492,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/regions\/comparative-theoretical-general\/"}],"section":[{"id":1528,"name":"Article","slug":"article","taxonomy":"section","parent":0,"count":761,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/sections\/article\/"}],"subject":[{"id":1538,"name":"Accountability","slug":"accountability","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":129,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/accountability\/"},{"id":1540,"name":"Civil society","slug":"civil-society","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":258,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/civil-society\/"},{"id":1547,"name":"Democratic consolidation","slug":"democratic-consolidation","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":243,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/democratic-consolidation\/"},{"id":1586,"name":"Democratic decline","slug":"democratic-decline","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":165,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/democratic-decline\/"},{"id":1568,"name":"Rule of law","slug":"rule-of-law","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":106,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/rule-of-law\/"}]},"thumbnail":null}],"pagination":{"posts":{"pagination":{"current":1,"total":2,"pages":[{"class":"page-number page-numbers current","title":"1","text":"1","name":"1","current":true},{"class":"page-number page-numbers","link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/accountability\/page\/2\/","title":"2","name":"2","current":false}],"next":{"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/accountability\/page\/2\/","class":"page-numbers next"},"prev":""}},"class":"filters__pagination"},"share":{"object":{"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/accountability\/"}},"filters":{"action":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/accountability\/","facets":{"authors":{"slug":"authors","label":"Authors","name":"authors[]","facets":[{"count":5,"slug":"philippe-c-schmitter","label":"Philippe C. 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