Elections Without Democracy: Africa’s Range of Regimes

Issue Date April 2002
Volume 13
Issue 2
Page Numbers 66-80
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Today, Africa south of the Sahara has a relatively small number of both democracies and full-blown dictatorships,along with a large number of hard-to-define regimes that fit neither category.

Further Reading

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South Africa’s Future: Symposium—Democratic Party

Volume 1, Issue 4

South Africa’s Future: Symposium—Pan Africanist Congress

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Singapore: Authoritarian but Newly Competitive

Singapore has long been known for combining economic development with strict limits on political opposition. But its 2011 parliamentary elections suggest that it is moving toward “competitive authoritarianism.”