April 2007, Volume 18, Issue 2
Venezuela: Crowding Out the Opposition
President Hugo Cháez's regime demonstrates how a public desire for change plus state resources can be exploited to undermine democracy.
Region: Latin America and the Caribbean
January 2007, Volume 18, Issue 1
The Mexican Standoff: Taught to Protest, Learning to Lose
A crucial requirement of government by consent is the willingness of defeated candidates and parties to concede when the voters' verdict goes against them. Events in Mexico following its July 2006 presidential election have sorely tested that country's young democracy in this regard.
January 2007, Volume 18, Issue 1
The Mexican Standoff: The Mobilization of Distrust
Mexico’s system of electoral governance and dispute settlement worked reasonably well, yet it created too much noise and too many needless invitations to distrust. The failures observed were less those of institutions than of actors. The loser reacted deplorably, but none of those involved acted in a manner beyond reproach.
January 2007, Volume 18, Issue 1
The Mexican Standoff: Looking to the Future
Examining Mexico’s electoral rules, political institutions, and the ways in which they interact with one another can tell us much about how current difficulties developed and how they might be resolved.
October 2006, Volume 17, Issue 4
A “Left Turn” in Latin America? Populism, Socialism, and Democratic Institutions
Progressive politics in Latin America inevitably draws from the legacies of socialism and populism, but these categories are not very useful today. Can we find better tools for differentiating Latin America's "multiple lefts"?
October 2006, Volume 17, Issue 4
A “Left Turn” in Latin America? Explaining the Left’s Resurgence
As leftist victories accumulate, it becomes increasingly clear that they represent a regional trend. But why is this trend happening now, and how far will it spread?
October 2006, Volume 17, Issue 4
A “Left Turn” in Latin America? The Urgent Need for Labor Law Reform
Latin America must find a way to include its newly urbanized informal workers in more regular channels of economic and political participation. Updating outmoded labor laws is a key to accomplishing this task.
October 2006, Volume 17, Issue 4
A “Left Turn” in Latin America? Problems of Success in Chile
Chile's new Socialist president Michelle Bachelet will seek to maintain the country's socioeconomic progress, but her attempt to cure growing alienation from the traditional parties could create a new set of problems.
October 2006, Volume 17, Issue 4
A “Left Turn” in Latin America? Colombia Hews to the Path of Change
In reelecting President Alvaro Uribe by a landslide, Colombia's voters opted for continuity. But they chose continuity with an administration that has carried out a major series of policy innovations.
October 2006, Volume 17, Issue 4
A “Left Turn” in Latin America? An Unlikely Comeback in Peru
An unexpected winner emerged in Peru's close-fought presidential election. Alan García's earlier presidential term was calamitous at best, and yet he may now be the harbinger of a brighter future for Peru's democracy.
July 2006, Volume 17, Issue 3
The Crisis of Representation in the Andes
Despite a significant expansion of citizenship over the last few decades, the Andean nations face a severe crisis of democratic representation. The root of the problem lies not in the mechanisms of representation but in poor state performance.
April 2006, Volume 17, Issue 2
New Threats to Freedom: The Assault on Democracy Assistance
Authoritarians are stepping up their offensive against democracy promotion, and democracy-assistance organizations will have to meet the challenge.
April 2006, Volume 17, Issue 2
New Threats to Freedom: Democracy’s “Doubles”
From Putin's Russia to Chávez's Venezuela, regimes that claim to be democracies but act like autocracies are emerging as a major long-term threat to freedom.
April 2006, Volume 17, Issue 2
Exchange: Getting Costa Rica Right
The country’s recent political travails are due not to collusion between the two major parties but to the increasing difficulty of reaching interparty agreements.
April 2006, Volume 17, Issue 2
Exchange: Different Times, Different Demands
In recent decades, Costa Rican society has evolved and become less deferential. Political arrangements that worked well in the past no longer meet the country’s needs.
October 2005, Volume 16, Issue 4
The Caribbean: Democracy Adrift?
From hurricanes to ethnic and political tensions, the past decade has not been easy for the countries of the Caribbean Community. What does the future hold for these small democracies?
July 2005, Volume 16, Issue 3
Lula’s Brazil at Midterm
Many saw the election of Workers' Party leader Luiz Inácio "Lula" da Silva to the Brazilian presidency in October 2002 as the beginning of an era. Two years into his first term, Lula has yet to live up to that expectation.
July 2005, Volume 16, Issue 3
Costa Rica: Paradise in Doubt
Once routinely praised as the "Switzerland of Central America," Costa Rica has in recent years begun to show troubling signs of having a political system that citizens feel is not keeping faith with them.
January 2005, Volume 16, Issue 1
The Referendum in Venezuela: One Act in an Unfinished Drama
Both the supporters and the foes of President Hugo Chavez went into the August 2004 recall hoping for a complete and final win. While Chavez kept his job and even rides high, Venezuela is still nowhere close to closure.
January 2005, Volume 16, Issue 1
The Referendum in Venezuela: Elections versus Democracy
While charges of electronic fraud in the actual voting or vote-counting are unproven, the dubious and even illegal tactics that the Chavez regime used throughout the larger process point to rampant "institutional fraud" that is undermining Venezuelan democracy.
October 2004, Volume 15, Issue 4
Latin American Presidencies Interrupted
Over the last two decades, Latin America has seen more than a dozen presidencies come to a premature end. It is time to consider changing constitutional designs that promote conflict rather than more consensual ways of doing politics.
July 2004, Volume 15, Issue 3
Curbing Central America’s Militaries
Since the end of the Cold War, Central America has seen a regionwide diminution of military influence that bodes well for democratic governance and healthier civil-military relations.
April 2004, Volume 15, Issue 2
Exchange: The Czech Past and the Cuban Future
In an exchange of letters, leading Cuban dissident Oswaldo Paya discusses with Vaclav Havel the lessons that the Czechoslovak experience offers to Cubans seeking a democratic transition in thier own country.
January 2004, Volume 15, Issue 1
Fox’s Mexico at Midterm
Mexico’s 2003 congressional elections confirmed both the transition to fully competitive politics and the persistence of structural deficiencies associated with a multiparty presidential system.
October 2003, Volume 14, Issue 4
Argentina Weathers the Storm
In the wake of its recent crisis, Argentina can move from survival to stability only if it responds to demands for institutional change in a way that strengthens the country’s institutions over the long term.
April 2003, Volume 14, Issue 2
Latin America’s Lost Illusions: Dispirited Politics
The strains of economic reform have not increased support for antidemocratic populism in Latin America, but they have led to acute dissatisfaction with democratic governments.
April 2003, Volume 14, Issue 2
Latin America’s Lost Illusions: The Future of Structural Reform
As Latin America suffers from its worst economic crisis in decades, the reform of political institutions remains the region’s best hope.
April 2003, Volume 14, Issue 2
Latin America’s Lost Illusions: Decentralization and Political Parties
Decentralization, heralded as a means of increasing state efficiency and improving representation, has fragmented Latin America’s already weak party systems
April 2003, Volume 14, Issue 2
Latin America’s Lost Illusions: Brazil’s New Direction
The recent election of political outsider Lula da Silva as president is a sign of hope for the future of democracy in Brazil.
April 2003, Volume 14, Issue 2
Latin America’s Lost Illusions: A Road with No Return?
What can public-opinion research tell us about the staying power of democracy in the region? Has it passed the point of any possible return to authoritarianism?
January 2003, Volume 14, Issue 1
Latin Democracy, Comprehensively
A review of Democracies in Development: Politics and Reform in Latin America by J. Mark Payne et al.
July 2002, Volume 13, Issue 3
Nicaragua Votes: The Elections of 2001
The November elections were peaceful and competitive. For the third straight time, voters chose a conservative who embraced democratic liberties.
April 2002, Volume 13, Issue 2
Argentina: Crisis and Democratic Consolidation
Argentina made headlines around the world last December as its presidency changed hands no fewer than four times in less than two weeks. Lost amid the chaos, however, were hopeful signs that the country has now turned the corner of democratic consolidation.
October 2001, Volume 12, Issue 4
The OAS in Peru: A Model for the Future?
In Peru in 2000, the OAS made an unprecedented diplomatic intervention in a member state. Could this be a model for the future?
October 2001, Volume 12, Issue 4
The OAS in Peru: Room for Improvement
Although the OAS helped, sudden public revelations of corruption in Peru were more important.
October 2001, Volume 12, Issue 4
The Chihuahua Strategy
A review of Mexico’s Political Awakening, by Vikram K. Chand.
April 2001, Volume 12, Issue 2
High Anxiety in the Andes
The Editors’ introduction to “High Anxiety in the Andes.”
April 2001, Volume 12, Issue 2
High Anxiety in the Andes: Bolivia and the Viability of Democracy
One key source of the weakness of democracy in the Andean region is the isolation of the “political class” from the rest of society. There are growing signs that this problem is becoming more serious in Bolivia.
April 2001, Volume 12, Issue 2
High Anxiety in the Andes: The Real Story Behind Venezuela’s Woes
The conventional wisdom about Venezuela’s plight is largely mistaken. Only when Venezuelans recognize the real causes of their woes will they be able to make progress in overcoming them.
April 2001, Volume 12, Issue 2
High Anxiety in the Andes: Colombia’s Perpetual Quest for Peace
Despite recent progress in the government’s negotiations with rebel groups, Colombia’s problems remain acute: continued violence, growing human rights abuses, severe income inequality, and a depressed economy.
April 2001, Volume 12, Issue 2
High Anxiety in the Andes: Peru’s Decade of Living Dangerously
The sudden and surprising downfall of President Alberto Fujimori has opened the way for a return to democracy in Peru, but the country’s new leaders will face major challenges in the coming years.
April 2001, Volume 12, Issue 2
High Anxiety in the Andes: Crisis and Contention in Ecuador
Massive protest by indigenous groups in both 2000 and 2001 have overthrown one president and weakened another. Though such conflict poses a short-term threat, it may ultimately contribute to democratic development.
April 2001, Volume 12, Issue 2
Revisiting Florida 2000: Lessons from Mexico
January 2001, Volume 12, Issue 1
Democracy as a Starting Point
Democracy by itself does not put an end to injustice or inequality, but it establishes the most favorable conditions for making progress in the struggle to achieve a just society.
January 2001, Volume 12, Issue 1
Ending One-Party Dominance: Korea, Taiwan, Mexico
The astonishing electoral victories by opposition presidential candidates in Korea, Taiwan, and Mexico all followed a remarkably similar pattern, but it is one that may lead to difficulties for democratic consolidation.
January 2001, Volume 12, Issue 1
How People View Democracy: Between Stability and Crisis in Latin America
Across Latin America, public support for democracy has been remarkably stable and consistently higher than satisfaction with the way that democracy works. Low institutional trust reflects even lower levels of interpersonal trust.
January 2001, Volume 12, Issue 1
Devaluing the Vote in Latin America
Malapportionment poses a serious, yet hitherto neglected, challenge to the quality and fairness of democracy in many Latin American countries.
October 2000, Volume 11, Issue 4
Mexico’s Victory: The Democratic Revelation
Vicente Fox’s victory in Mexico’s July 2000 presidential election revealed the fundamental changes that had been taking place under the veil of governmental continuity.
October 2000, Volume 11, Issue 4
Mexico’s Victory: Exiting the Labyrinth
The beauty of Mexico’s transition to democracy lay in the way it evolved gradually and peacefully over the course of a decade.
October 2000, Volume 11, Issue 4
Mexico’s Victory: Vicente Fox and the Rise of the PAN
Although Fox’s National Action Party (PAN) is frequently portrayed as a reactionary party, it is better understood as a liberal-democratic alternative to the former ruling party’s authoritarianism.
October 2000, Volume 11, Issue 4
Mexico’s Victory: The “External” Factor
Any serious discussion of Mexico’s future must take into account its relations with the United States.
October 2000, Volume 11, Issue 4
Comparing East Asia and Latin America: Stirrings of Mutual Recognition
Global trends toward economic and political liberalization are presenting East Asian and Latin American democracies with increasingly convergent international opportunities and constraints.
October 2000, Volume 11, Issue 4
Comparing East Asia and Latin America: Dimensions of Development
Such a comparison clearly shows a higher prevalence of democracy in Latin America and a better economic performance in East Asia. The two regions are likely to converge on both dimensions, but the gaps will remain.
October 2000, Volume 11, Issue 4
Comparing East Asia and Latin America: Capital Mobility and Democratic Stability
Despite the persistent doomsaying about the political consequences of untrammeled international capital flows, financial liberalization may actually contribute to democratic consolidation.
October 2000, Volume 11, Issue 4
Societal Accountability in Latin America
Recent studies of democracy in Latin America overlook the role of civil society as an agent of accountability.
July 2000, Volume 11, Issue 3
Democratizing Civil Society in Latin America
As the experience of Latin America makes clear, a strong civil society is not necessarily a democratic one. Democratic deficits within civil society jeopardize its ability to perform its proper social functions.
July 2000, Volume 11, Issue 3
Books in Review: Law and Injustice in Latin America
The (Un)Rule of Law and the Underprivileged in Latin America, edited by Juan E. Méndez, Guillermo O’Donnell, and Paulo Sérgio Pinheiro, offers a harsh appraisal of the region’s legal and justice systems.
April 2000, Volume 11, Issue 2
Latin America at the Century’s Turn
Recent disappointments have led to excessive pessimism about Latin America’s economic and democratic prospects. International recognition of the region’s diversity and a sense of perspective about its setbacks will improve its chances for further success.
April 2000, Volume 11, Issue 2
The “Normalization” of Argentine Politics
The most striking thing about Fernando de la Rua’s presidential victory in Argentina was the routine-even boring-character of the elections. This turn toward normalization is a major break with the past.
April 2000, Volume 11, Issue 2
Chile’s Elections: The New Face of the Right
The unexpectedly strong showing of media-savvy rightist candidate Joaquín Lavín in the 1999 presidential elections and the move to the center by Concertación candidate Ricardo Lagos suggest that Chile has begun to put the ghosts of Allende and Pinochet to rest.
April 2000, Volume 11, Issue 2
Chile’s Elections: Change and Continuity
Lavín’s strong showing did not represent an “earthquake” or a dramatic change in the electoral landscape. Voting patterns have remained basically unchanged since 1988, giving Lagos a clear mandate to lead Chile into the next millennium.
April 2000, Volume 11, Issue 2
Electoral Reform and Stability in Uruguay
In the November 1999 presidential election, Uruguayans reaffirmed their strong commitment to democracy, while adjusting to a set of constitutional reforms that profoundly altered the electoral system.
January 2000, Volume 11, Issue 1
Mores and Democracy in Latin America
January 2000, Volume 11, Issue 1
Economic Inequality and Democratic Instability
July 1999, Volume 10, Issue 3
Latin America’s Imperiled Progress: The Politics of Second-Generation Reform
July 1999, Volume 10, Issue 3
Latin America’s Imperiled Progress: Cardoso and the Struggle for Reform in Brazil
July 1999, Volume 10, Issue 3
Latin America’s Imperiled Progress: Chavez and the End of “Partyarchy” in Venezuela
July 1999, Volume 10, Issue 3
Latin America’s Imperiled Progress: Fujimori and Post-Party Politics in Peru
July 1999, Volume 10, Issue 3
Latin America’s Imperiled Progress: “People Power” in Paraguay
July 1999, Volume 10, Issue 3
Latin America’s Imperiled Progress: The Surprising Resilience of Elected Governments
April 1999, Volume 10, Issue 2
Latin America: Beyond “Democratic Consolidation”
January 1999, Volume 10, Issue 1
The Post-Cold War World: Can Colombia Cope?
October 1998, Volume 9, Issue 4
Free Politics and Free Markets in Latin America
October 1998, Volume 9, Issue 4
The New Military Autonomy in Latin America
July 1998, Volume 9, Issue 3
Democracy in the Americas
July 1998, Volume 9, Issue 3
Octavio Paz (1914-1998)
The death of Mexican poet and essayist Octavio Paz on April 20 was (in the words of Mexico’s president Ernesto Zedillo) “an irreplaceable loss for contemporary thought and culture—not just for Latin America but for the entire world.” Born in Mexico City on 31 March 1914, Paz published his first book of poetry while still…
April 1998, Volume 9, Issue 2
The Politics of Corruption in Latin America
October 1997, Volume 8, Issue 4
Mexico’s New Politics: The Elections of 1997
October 1997, Volume 8, Issue 4
Mexico’s New Politics: The Weight of the Past
October 1997, Volume 8, Issue 4
Mexico’s New Politics: The Shape of the Future
October 1997, Volume 8, Issue 4
Haiti’s Flagging Transition
July 1997, Volume 8, Issue 3
Public Opinion in New Democracies: Latin America’s Smiling Mask
April 1997, Volume 8, Issue 2
Tensions and Trade-Offs in Latin America
April 1997, Volume 8, Issue 2
Guatemala’s Postwar Prospects
January 1997, Volume 8, Issue 1
Paraguay: The Coup That Didn’t Happen
January 1997, Volume 8, Issue 1
Bolivia’s Silent Revolution
January 1997, Volume 8, Issue 1
Reviving Local Government
A review of Local Government in Latin America, by R. Andrew Nickson.
October 1996, Volume 7, Issue 4
Venezuela: Democracy Hangs On
October 1996, Volume 7, Issue 4
Latin America’s Parties
A review of Building Democratic Institutions: Party Systems in Latin America, edited by Scott Mainwaring and Timothy R. Scully.
July 1996, Volume 7, Issue 3
Curbing Corruption in Venezuela
October 1995, Volume 6, Issue 4
Latin America’s Four Political Models
July 1995, Volume 6, Issue 3
The Hybrid Regimes of Central America
July 1995, Volume 6, Issue 3
Comparing East and South
July 1995, Volume 6, Issue 3
Venezuela Falters
A review of Strong Parties and Lame Ducks: Presidential Partyarchy and Factionalism in Venezuela, by Michael Coppedge and Democracy for the Privileged: Crisis and Transition in Venezuela, by Richard S. Hillman.
April 1995, Volume 6, Issue 2
A Mexican Milestone
January 1995, Volume 6, Issue 1
Redemocratization in Chile
October 1994, Volume 5, Issue 4
Latin America: The Second Stage of Reform
October 1994, Volume 5, Issue 4
Linkages Between Politics and Economics
July 1994, Volume 5, Issue 3
Latin America’s Critical Elections: Five Scenarios for Mexico
July 1994, Volume 5, Issue 3