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October 1996, Volume 7, Issue 4

Documents on Democracy

Excerpts from: testimony delivered at South Africa’s Truth and Reconciliation Commission; remarks by National Endowment for Democracy president Carl Gershman; remarks delivered at a reception marking the opening of Mongolia’s new parliament.

January 1998, Volume 9, Issue 1

Documents on Democracy

Excerpts from: Chinese dissident Wei Jingsheng’s opening statement; Chinese president Jiang Zemin’s statement; Organization of American States Charter amendment; Iranian president Mohammad Khatami’s inaugural address; National Endowment for Democracy president Carl Gershman’s keynote conference speech. 

July 2016, Volume 27, Issue 3

Delegative Democracy Revisited: Peru Since Fujimori

After spending the 1990s coping with an overweening president, Peru settled into a more sedate style of politics, but it is one in which parties barely exist, voters feel unhappy with their elected chief executives despite strong economic growth, and technocracy rather than democracy is the key mode of decision making. 

April 2009, Volume 20, Issue 2

Reading Russia: Forms Without Substance

Read the full essay here. Twenty years ago, there was a more thoroughgoing political pluralism in Russia than there is today. In some respects, the forms of democracy-including party consolidation-have been enhanced, but they have been so manipulated as to deprive them of substance. Either “electoral authoritarianism” of “multiparty authoritarianism” (Juan Linz’s terms) may reasonably…

July 1997, Volume 8, Issue 3

Documents on Democracy

Excerpts from: the acceptance speech of Martin Lee, Democracy Award recipient; Saudi prince Talal Bin Abdul Aziz Al-Saoud’s opening address at the Second Conference of Arab NGOs; Angolan National Assembly chairman Roberto de Almeida’s speech; Czech president Václav Havel’s statement.

‘Their Control Cannot Be Flawless’

What are the true lessons from Tiananmen Square? Why does nonviolent resistance offer the best chance of challenging the CCP? Hu Ping, a leading Chinese dissident, reflects on the mistakes that were made and what it will take to succeed next time.

October 2020, Volume 31, Issue 4

Documents on Democracy

Text of “A Call to Defend Democracy,” initiated by International IDEA and the National Endowment for Democracy; televised statement by Belarusian opposition leader Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya; open letter on the imprisonment of Turkish civil society leader Osman Kavala.

July 2001, Volume 12, Issue 3

Documents on Democracy

Excerpts from: “Tunisia 2004: Manifesto of Progressive Tunisian Democrats”; the Declaration of Quebec City from the third  Summit of the Americas meeting; Mexican foreign minister Jorge Castañeda’s address at the 57th session of the United Nations Commission on Human Rights. 

January 2013, Volume 24, Issue 1

Documents on Democracy

Excerpts from: the speech of Maryam al-Khawaja accepting, on behalf of human-rights activists in Bahrain, the Democracy Courage Tribute; 14-year old Pakistani activist Malala Yousafzai’s speech accepting the Civic Courage Award; Georgian president Mikheil Saakashvili’s concession speech and opposition leader Bidzina’s statement clarifying his postelection call for Saakashvili to resign; the inaugural address of Mexican…

July 2015, Volume 26, Issue 3

Documents on Democracy

Excerpts from: Nigerian president Muhammadu Buhari’s inaugural address; a speech given by Leon Wieseltier honoring the slain Russian opposition politician and former deputy prime minister Boris Nemtsov; the conclusion of the report “Putin.War”; Azerbaijani journalist Khadija Ismayilova's letter from prison.

July 2005, Volume 16, Issue 3

The New Iraq: The Sistani Factor

For the Shi'ite majority and its senior religious leader, the January elections played out against the background of a longing for justice that has deep spiritual sources as well as more recent sociopolitical roots.

April 1995, Volume 6, Issue 2

Documents on Democracy

Excerpts from: the “Plan of Action” of the Summit of the Americas; the inaugural speech Mozambican president Joaquim Alberto Chissano; appeals for reform of the National People’s Congress by democracy advocates in China; a speech by former U.S. ambassador to Kenya Smith Hempstone.