Islam and Liberal Democracy: Two Visions of Reformation

The large number of nonvoters suggests that the movement for a free, internationally monitored referendum on the Islamic Republic’s constitution could gain widespread support. We must now work to make…

The vast obstacles to democratic reformism include basic provisions in the Constitution of the Islamic Republic itself.

Gauging electoral competitiveness relative to economic development reveals not only that Arab countries “underperform” but, strikingly, that non-Arab Muslim-majority countries tend to “overperform.”