Vladimir M. Lysenko was formerly co-chair of the Republican Party of Russia and was elected in December 1993 as a deputy to the State Duma as a member of the Yabloko coalition.
The more-democratic postcommunist countries have maintained stronger social safety nets than their authoritarian counterparts, but they must reassess their welfare policies to address emerging social challenges.
Russia’s ruling elite have used corruption not only to line their own pockets, but also as a tool of domestic political control and global power projection.
