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April 2002, Volume 13, Number 2
Terror, Islam, and DemocracyLadan Boroumand and Roya Boroumand
Although Islamist terror groups invoke a host of religious references, the real source of their ideas is not the Koran but rather Leninism, fascism, and other strains of twentieth-century thought that exalt totalitarian violence.
Elections Without Democracy
(To participate in an online discussion on the concept of electoral authoritarianism, visit the website of the IPSA Committee on Concepts and Methods and click on the "Electoral Authoritarianism" forum.)- Thinking About Hybrid Regimes
Larry Diamond
Many countries have adopted the form of democracy with little of its substance. This makes the task of classifying regimes more difficult, but also more important.
Appendix Table 1
Appendix Table 2 - The Menu of Manipulation
Andreas Schedler
Elections, usually taken to be a hallmark of democracy, can also become a tool of authoritarian powerholders seeking to legitimate their rule. - The Rise of Competitive Authoritarianism
Steven Levitsky and Lucan A. Way
In recent years, new types of nondemocratic government have come to the fore, notably competitive authoritarianism. Such regimes, though not democratic, feature arenas of contestation in which opposition forces can challenge, and even oust, authoritarian incumbents. - Africa's Range of Regimes
Nicolas van de Walle
Today, Africa south of the Sahara has a relatively small number of both democracies and full-blown dictatorships, along with a large number of hard-to-define regimes that fit neither category.
Hector E. Schamis
Argentina made headlines around the world last December as its presidency changed hands no fewer than four times in less than two weeks. Lost amid the chaos, however, were hopeful signs that the country has now turned the corner of democratic consolidation.
A New Look at Federalism
- The Import of Institutions
Nancy Bermeo
A new research project suggests that federalism enhances the ability of regimes to accommodate territorially based minorities. Federal systems, except when imposed by an outside power, significantly help to preserve the peace. - Electoral Rules and Governability
R. Kent Weaver
The effects of electoral systems and of federalism are usually examined separately, but a review of the leading federations shows that it is essential to consider the interaction between the two in designing democratic institutions. - Italy Decentralizes
Ugo M. Amoretti
Italy has long mixed great local and regional diversity with a unitary approach to governance. In October 2001, however, Italian voters approved a series of changes to their country's Constitution that could mark a decisive turn toward federalism.
Zoltan Barany
Last year, Bulgarians elected their newly returned former king as prime minister and then, in a shocking upset, ousted their incumbent president. What do these results portend for the future of Bulgarian democracy?
Electoral Systems for Divided Societies
Benjamin Reilly
Political scientists have long theorized that the use of "preferential" election systems can help promote successful conflict management in divided societies. As it turns out, evidence from five real-world cases supports this conclusion.
Books in Review
- Cracks in the Middle Kingdom
Arthur Waldron
A review of Bad Elements: Chinese Rebels from Los Angeles to Beijing, by Ian Buruma.
Election Watch
- Brief reports on elections in Chile, Costa Rica, Gabon, the Gambia, Honduras, Madagascar, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Trinidad and Tobago, and Zambia.
Documents on Democracy
- Excerpts from a resolution adopted at the conclusion of the Third International Conference on North Korean Human Rights and Refugees, which was sponsored by the Seoul-based Citizens' Alliance for North Korean Human Rights and held in Tokyo on February 9-10.
- Excerpts from Argentinian president Eduardo Duhalde's inaugural address.
- Excerpts from an address by Hussain Sinjari, president of the Iraq Institute for Democracy, delivered at a seminar on "Prospects for Democracy in Iraq," cosponsored by the Centre of Middle Eastern Studies at London University's School of Oriental and African Studies, the Iraqi Cultural Forum, and the Iraq Institute for Democracy (based in Erbil, Iraqi Kurdistan).
- Excerpts from a February 26 speech by the European Convention's chairman, former French president Valéry Giscard d'Estaing.
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